Umezakia natans

Cylindrospermopsin has also been isolated from Umezakia natans and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum. Algal blooms that produce cylindrospermopsin are widespread in tropical waters where occurrences of gastro-... 

K.I. Harada, I. Ohtani, K. Iwamoto, M. Suzuki, M.F. Watanabe, M. Wata-nabe and K Terao, Isolation of cylindrospermopsin from a cyanobacterium Umezakia natans and its screening method, Toxicon, 32 (1994) 73-84. 

K. Terao, S. Ohmori, K. Igarashi, I. Ohtani, M. Watanabe, K. Harada, E. Ito and M. Watanabe, Electron microscopic studies on experimental poisoning in mice induced by cylindrospermopsin isolated from blue-green algae Umezakia Natans, Toxicon, 32 (1994) 833-843. 

The same toxin has been subsequently isolated from the cyanobacterium Umezakia natans in Japan (Harada 1994) and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum in both Australia (Shaw 1999) and Israel (Banker 1997). An analogue of cylindrospermopsin such as 7-epicylindrospermopsin has been recently characterized as a toxic minor component of a strain of Aph. ovalisporum from Israel (Banker 2000). See Fig. 14.3. 

Harada, K-L, Ohtani, I., Iwamoto, K., Suzuki, M., Watanabe, M.F., Watanabe, M., andTerao, K. 1994. Isolation of cylindros-permopsin from a cyanobacterium Umezakia natans. Toxicon 32(1) 73—84. 

To date, eylindrospermopsins are only known to be produced by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Hawkins et al, 1985), Aphanizomenon ovalisporum (Banker et al, 2000 Shaw et al, 1999), Umezakia natans (Harada et al, 1994), and Raphidiopsis curvata (Li et al, 2001), mainly in tropical areas. Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) has been identified in New Zealand field extracts, but the toxin-producing cyanobacterium was not identified (Stirling and QuUliam, 2001). 

Similar to MC, CYN is produced by a number of different taxa. Most of them however belong to the order nostocales and the only known exception is the only planktonic species of the order stigone-matales, Umezakia natans ... 

Cylindrospermopsin Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. Cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon ovaiisporum Cyiindrospermopsis raciborskii Raphidiopsis sp. Umezakia natans... 

Cylindrospermopsin (C15H21N5O7S MW = 415.4), synthesized by the blue-green algae, Cylindro-spermopsis raciborskii, Umezakia natans, and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum, presents a chemical... 

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