APCI sediment

For the determination of organotin compounds (tributyltin, triphenyltin, triethyltin, and tetra-ethyltin) a MAE is proposed before the normal phase (NP) HPLC/UV analysis [35], In organotin and arsenic speciation studies, hydride generation is the most popular derivatization method, combined with atomic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy or ICP techniques [25,36], Both atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-MS and electrospray ionization ESI-MS are employed in the determination of butyltin, phenyltin, triphenyltin, and tributyltin in waters and sediments [37], A micro LC/ESI-ion trap MS method has been recently chosen as the official EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) method (8323) [38] it permits the determination of mono-, di-, and tri- butyltin, and mono-, di-, and tri-phenyltin at concentration levels of a subnanogram per liter and has been successfully applied in the analysis of freshwaters and fish [39], Tributyltin in waters has been also quantified through an automated sensitive SPME LC/ESI-MS method [40],... 

Al-Odaini, N.A., Yim, U.H., Kim, N.S., Shim, W.J., Hong, S.H. Isotopic dilution determination of emerging flame retardants in marine sediments by HPLC-APCI-MS/MS. Anal. 

Dichloromethane added to the HPLC eluate before introduction to an APCI interface produced adducts with bacteriopropanep-olyols (Fox et al. 1998). Although the method was applied to extracts of a lake sediment, interference from other analytes made identification more difficult. 

In the environmental investigation on the stams of pollution [20], LCCPs with 40 and 70% chlorine in sediments were determined by APCI-negative using LC/MS. The detection limits of this method were based on the experimental values obtained in six recovery tests. The results indicated that LCCPs were accumulated in sediments of all sampling sites except the Ishikari River estuary. In the Ishikari River estuary, however, LCCPs were detected in river water but not in sediments, which was the reverse of the result of others. 

Gimeno, R. A., Altelaar, A. F. M., Marce, R. M., and Borrull, F., Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycychc aromatic sulfur heterocycles by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and APCI mass spectrometry detection in seawater and sediment samples, J. Chromatogr. A, 958, 141-148, 2002. 

Sn Bu2Sn +, Bu3Sn+, Pli2Sn + and Pli3Sn Harbor sediment Reversed phase Kromasil-100 15 cm X 2.1 mm, 5 pm APCI-MS ICP-MS Triethylamine used to improve chromatography for BusSn mass spectra for different OTCs reported low flow rate, oxygen added post-nebulization, chilled spray chamber and Pt sampler cone used for ICP-MS 1998 438... 

The determination of phenols was preferentially performed using GC-MS with analytes in underivatized or derivatized form, but LC-MS methods were also developed. API methods for the analysis of phenols in aqueous matrices were applied [315, 316, 317]. APCI-LC-MS was found to be more sensitive than ESI application despite the possibility of improving ESI-sensitivity by a post-column addition of diethyla-mine [317]. Detection limits were observed with 0.02-20 ng injected onto the column. The determination of alkylphenols and bisphenol A as compounds with endocrine disrupter potential was also performed by ESI-LC-MS from aqueous [318, 319] and sediment samples with detection limits in the low pg L range [346]. 

Guerra et al. [139] developed an LC linear ion-trap MS/MS method to measure TBBPA and BDEs at ultratrace levels with limits of detection below 1 pg. The authors compared selected reaction monitoring with enhanced product-ion (EPI) MS approaches and observed slight improvements in sensitivity with the EPI method. These methods were then applied to the analysis of sludge and sediment samples [140]. Bacaloni et al. [141] developed a LC—APPI—MS/MS method for both TBBPA and BDEs in water samples. Matrix effects were not observed for these samples, and quantitation was based on external calibration. Morris et al. [142] measured TBBPA and HBCDs in aquatic samples by LC—ESI—MS, using an isotopically labeled internal standard for TBBPA determinations. Tollback [143] developed a rapid LC—ESI—MS method for the determination of TBBPA in air samples, also based on the use of an isotopically labeled internal standard. TBBPA could be determined at levels 30 to 40 times lower with ESI than with APCI. Hayama et al. [144] describe a method for determination of TBBPA in hmnan serum samples by LC—ESI—MS/MS, also based on an internal standard calibration approach. 

---