Antineoplastic agents doxorubicin

Dactinomycin is an antineoplastic agent that is the principal component of the mixture of actinomycins produced by Streptomyces parvullus. It inhibits messenger RNA synthesis. Dactinomycin (0.5 mg/day IV for 5 days), in combination with vincristine, radiotherapy, and surgery, is used in Wilms tumor in conjunction with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin, it is used in choriocarcinoma in combination with methotrexate, it is used in testicular carcinoma and in combination with cyclophosphamide and radiotherapy, it is used in Ewing s sarcoma. Dactinomycin inhibits messenger RNA synthesis by anchoring to a purine-pyrimidine (DNA) base pair by intercalation (see Figure 15). The toxicity of dactinomycin increases when combined with radiation therapy. 

Daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, and idarubicin are examples of anthracycline antibiotic agents. These agents are used as antineoplastic agents. 

The loss of the 4-methoxy moiety also makes this compound more lipophilic than either doxorubicin or daunorubicin. This results in a better penetration into tumor cells and an enhanced antineoplastic potency. Increased rates of remission have been noted with the use of idarubicin compared to other anthracyclines antineoplastic agents. Unlike its congeners, idarubicin shows significant oral bioavailability and is lipophilic enough to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Currently, however, it is given only by the IV route and is not used in the treatment of brain cancer. Its primary indication is in acute myeloid leukemia, and it is administered in combination with other antileukemic drugs. 

Since their discovery in 1963 [1,2] and their use as antineoplastic agents against human tumors [3-5] it has become clear that natural Adriamycin (Doxorubicin 1) and Daunomycin (Daimorubicin 2) would see their ther-... 

Nevertheless, in some particular situations, CO can be considered a good choice for cancer treatment. Most of the data about CO s modulation of cell death indicate strong antiapoptotic properties, which is not compatible with chemotherapy strategies aiming the elimination of cancer cells. Thus, CORM-3 was used as an adjuvant in cancer therapy for limiting the antineoplastic agent cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity [109], and CORM-2 was used for limiting doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity [79]. 

While most drugs do not directly interact with endogenous metals, two clinically used antineoplastic agents are distinguished by this attribute bleomycin and doxorubicin. Metals also have a role in the treatment of cancer. The platinum-based antineoplastic agents, cw-diamminedichloro-platinum(II) (cisplatin) and cw-diamminedicarboxylatocyclobutaneplatinum... 

Oxidative stress reduces the rate of cell proliferation, and that occurring during chemotherapy may interfere with the cytotoxic effects of antineoplastic drugs, which depend on rapid proliferation of cancer cells for optimal activity. Antioxidants detoxify ROS and may enhance the anticancer effects of chemotherapy. For some supplements, activities beyond their antioxidant properties, such as inhibition of topoisomerase II or protein tyrosine kinases, may also contribute. ROS cause or contribute to certain side effects that are common to many anticancer drugs, such as gastrointestinal toxicity and muagenesis. ROS also contribute to side effects that occur only with individual agents, such as doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Antioxidants can reduce or prevent many of these side effects, and for some supplements the protective effect results from activities other than their antioxidant properties. Certain side effects, however, such as alopecia and myelosuppression, are not prevented... 

Antiviral agents acyclovir, amantadine, azidofhymidine Diuretics furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, efhacrynic acid ACE inhibitors captopril, enalapril, ramipril, delapril, quinapril Antineoplastics methotrexate, azathioprine, doxorubicin, 5-fluouracil Antiepileptics valproic acid (from Ref. [95])... 

Pacific Northwest.) Encyclopedic references comment that the antibiotics doxorubicin, daunorubicin, bleomycin, mitomycin, and dactinomycin are all antineoplastic or anticancer agents, but are mostly too toxie for antibiotic use (and perhaps are too toxic to be used as anticancer agents, a ease again of adverse side effects). 

This category of antineoplastic drugs is made up of several stmcturally dissimilar agents, including doxorubicin, dannorubicin, bleomycin, dactinomycin, mitomycin, and mithramydn. 

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