Antimicrobial cationic

Fig. 9 Example of a contact-killing and microbe-repelling surface, (a) Antimicrobial cationic polyW.iV-dimethyl-iVTethoxycarbonylmethyll-iV-P -tniethacryloyloxylethyll-ammonium bromide) left structure) effectively kills bacteria, (b) The polymer is converted into the corresponding nonfouling zwitterionic derivative (right structure) upon hydrolysis, (c) Dead bacteria remaining on the surface are repelled from the nonfouling surface, (d) The zwitterionic surface itself is highly resistant to bacterial adhesion. Reproduced and adapted from [136]...

Chen R, Cole N, Willcox Mark DP et al. (2009) Synthesis, characterization and in vitro activity of a surface-attached antimicrobial cationic peptide. Biofouling 25 517-524... 

Hancock, R.E.W. and Rozek, A. (2002) Role of membranes in the activities of antimicrobial cationic peptides. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 206,143-149. 

Wu, M. and Hancock, R.E.W. (1999) Improved derivatives of bactenecin, a cyclic dodecameric antimicrobial cationic peptide. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43, 1274-1276. 

Macfarlane, E.L., Kwasnicka, A., Hancock, R.E. Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PhoP-phoQ in resistance to antimicrobial cationic peptides and aminoglycosides. Microbiology 146(Pt 10) (2000) 2543-2554. 

We have already described that a number of rhizobial LPS mutants are sym-biotically defective because they likely induce an increased defense response by the host and/or are more sensitive to the host defense response. One structural feature of rhizobial LPS that appears to be important is the presence of OPS since its absence appears to result in a more robust plant defense response. We have also suggested (above) that the lack of OPS exposes the anionic COS on the bacterial surface which may make the rhizobial cell more sensitive to antimicrobial cationic peptides. Recent work in our laboratory (Brown, unpublished) has shown that a mutation of R. leguminosarum biovar viciae 3841 which specifically results in the loss of GalA residues from the core increases resistance to cationic peptides. It has also recently been shown that R. etli CE3 mutants in IpxE and IpxF, which are unable to remove the 1 and 4 -phosphates and, therefore have LA with increased anionic character, show increased sensitivity to cationic peptides (Ingram et al., 2010). 

European Polymer Journal 40, No. 10, Oct.2004, p.2373-9 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL ANTIMICROBIAL CATIONIC POLYELECTROLYTES... 

Overall, it was determined that antimicrobial, cationic PEI is a specific inducer of the CpxRA stress response in Escherichia coli. In contrast, the small antimicrobial molecule, vanillin, known to disrupt membranes, specifically induced the rE stress response. These results suggest that extracytoplasmic stress response induction can provide an intriguing window into the differences of the bactericidal action of antimicrobial compounds [35]. 

Antimicrobial cationic charge with hydrophobhic tail... 

Figure 8.5 Synthetic production of triblock PC polymers consisting of three critical components including antifouling PEG, antimicrobial cationic PC and a tethering or functional block. Reproduced with permission from Z.X. Voo, M. Khan,...

Piers KL, Brown MH, Hancock REW, Recombinant DNA procedures for producing small antimicrobial cationic peptides in bacteria. Gene 1993 134 7-13. 

Piers K. The bacterial production of antimicrobial cationic phtides and their effects on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. PhD thesis, University of British Columbia, 1993. 

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