Antihyperglycemic agents

I have already mentioned leptin. There are several others, notably including adiponectin, a protein present in high concentrations in blood. Adiponectin is an antihyperglycemic agent, acting to increase insulin sensitivity. There is a close relationship between obesity, insulin action, and development of type 2 diabetes. Withont listing additional peptides secreted by adipose tissue, it is important to understand that fat is an important player in human physiology. 

Cheon HG, Kim S-M, Yang S-D, et al. EHscov-ery of a novel protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 B inhibitor, KR61639 potential development as an antihyperglycemic agent. Eur ] Pharmacol 2004 485 333-9. 

This study has revealed that 2-azetidinones are effective as antihyperglycemic agents and might act either through increased utilization of glucose or through increased insulin activity or induction of glycogen synthetase enzyme. 

DeWitt DE, Evans TC. Perioperative management of oral antihyperglycemic agents special consideration for metformin. Semin Anesth 1998 17 267-72. 

Hofmann, C., Lorenz, K., and Colca, J. R. (1991). Glucose Transport Deficiency in Diabetic Animals Is Corrected by Treatment with the Oral Antihyperglycemic Agent Pioglitazone. Endocrinology 129, 1915-1925. 

Narender, T., Puri, A., Shweta Khaliq, T., Saxena, R., Bhatia, G. and Chandra, R. (2006) 4-Hydroxyisoleucine, an unusual amino acid as antidyslipidemic and antihyperglycemic agent. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 16(2), 293-296. 

Hofmann C, Lorenz K, Colca JR (1991) Glucose transport deficiency in diabetic animals is corrected by treatment with the oral antihyperglycemic agent pioglitazone. Endocrinol 129 1915-1925... 

Kees KL, Fitzgerald JJ et al (1996) New potent antihyperglycemic agents in db/db mice synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of (4-substimte benzyl)(trifluoromethy-l)pyrazoles and-pyrazolone. J Med Chem 39 3920-3928... 

J Luo, T Chuang, J Cheung, J Quan, J Tsai, C Sullivan, RF Hector, MJ Reed, K Meszaros, SR King, TJ Carlson, GM Reaven. Masoprocol (nordihydrognaiaretic acid) A new antihyperglycemic agent isolated from the creosote bush(Larrea tridentata). Eur J Pharmacol 346 71-79, 1998. 

Luo J, Chuang T, Cheung J, Quan J, Tsai J, Sullivan C, et al. Masoprocol (nordihydroguaiaretic acid) a new antihyperglycemic agent isolated from the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata). Eur J Pharmacol 1998 346 77-9. 

Tanis SP, Parker TT, Coica JR, et al. Synthesis and biological activity of metabolites of the antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic agent pioglitazone. J Med Chem 1996 39 5053-5063. 

Yale JR Oral antihyperglycemic agents and renal disease new agents, new concepts. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005 16(Suppl 1) S7-S10. 

In another trial, rosiglitazone monotherapy in doses of 2 or 4 mg twice daily reduced HbAlc at 26 weeks by 1.1 % or 1.5%, respectively, in patients with and without previous exposure to antihyperglycemic agents [22]. Both of these trials found that HbAlc decreased initially at 8 weeks and achieved maximal effects at weeks 18-26. 

Finally, pyrazolol/pyrazolone derivatives have recently been synthesized as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and as potent antihyperglycemic agents. ... 

Sitagliptin 5 (Januvia, Figure 4.2) is an oral antidiabetic drug of the DPP-4 inhibitor class developed and is marketed by Merck Co. Sitagliptin is used either alone or in combination with other oral antihyperglycemic agents (such as metformin or a thiazolidinedione) for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. 

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