Antigen-antibody association

We have already mentioned the application of supercomputers to biochemical simulations. Internal dynamics may play an Important role In such simulations. An example would be enzyme binding-site fluctuations that modulate reactivity or the dynamics of antigen-antibody association (11). In the specific case of diffusion-controlled processes, molecular recognition may occur because of long-range sterlc effects which are hard to assess without very expensive simulations (12.)-... 

R. Blonder, E. Katz, Y. Cohen, N. Itzhak, A. Riklin, and I. Willner, Application of redox enzymes for probing the antigen—antibody association at monolayer interfaces development of amperometric immunosensor electrodes. Anal. Chem. 68, 3151—3157 (1996). 

Bhat TN, Bentley GA, Boulot G, Greene MI, Tello D, Dall Acqua W, Souchon H, Schwarz FP, Mariuzza RA, Poljak RJ (1994) Bound water molecules and conformational stabilization help mediate an antigen-antibody association, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 9 1089—1093... 

Katz, E., and Willner, I. Amperometric amplification of antigen - antibody association at monolayer interfaces Design of immunosensor electrodes. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1996, 418,67-72. 

Mass-sensitive sensors involve piezoelectric effects and surface acoustic waves. The piezoelectric effect was discovered in 1880. Piezoelectricity is the ability of some materials, mostly crystals and ceramics, to generate an electric potential in response to mechanical stress. The piezoelectric effect was mainly utilized for immunosensors and nucleic acid sensors because antigen-antibody association and DNA hybridization cause relatively large changes in mass. Mass-sensitive... 

RET providu ao obvious approach to measuring antigen-antibody association and was suggested as a basis for immunoassays in 1976. Such an assay would typically be performed in a competitive fonnat and can be homoge-... 

The carboxylic acid derivative of ferrocene N-(ferrocenylmethyl)caproic acid 9 after activation with the carbodiirriide DCC and NHS was also covalently coupled to GOx though its lysines. The resulting ferrocene-tethered enzyme was used as part of a model anti-DNP antibody immunosensor device based on the insulation of electrical contact between Fc-tethered GOx and the electrode by antigen-antibody association as depicted in Fig. 6.3 [21]. 

Immunoaffinity chromatography utilizes the high specificity of antigen—antibody interactions to achieve a separation. The procedure typically involves the binding, to a soHd phase, of a mouse monoclonal antibody which reacts either directly with the protein to be purified or with a closely associated protein which itself binds the product protein. The former approach has been appHed in the preparation of Factor VIII (43) and Factor IX (61) concentrates. The latter method has been used in the preparation of Factor VIII (42) by immobilization of a monoclonal antibody to von WiHebrand factor [109319-16-6] (62), a protein to which Factor VIII binds noncovalenfly. Further purification is necessary downstream of the immunoaffinity step to remove... 

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