Antigen aluminum-based vaccines

Aluminum adjuvants in human vaccines are either aluminum hydroxyphosphate (commonly referred to as aluminum phosphate) or aluminum oxyhydroxide (aluminum hydroxide). Aluminum-based vaccines are prepared by adsorption of antigen to commercial aluminum hydroxide or aluminum phosphate gels or by mixing antigen with alum (potassium aluminum sulfate),... 

One of the forces driving interest in saponins as vaccine adjuvants is the industry s need for agents with improved performance. Currently, the most commonly used adjuvants are aluminum salt-based that produce only humoral immunity with limited antibody response. While these adjuvants were frequently adequate for first generation vaccines, new vaccines are now based on antigenic recombinant proteins that are poorly immunogenic. These newer vaccines require adjuvants with greater immunostimulating activity than that offered by alum. 

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