Antifungal pathogenic fungi

Furanocoumarins from Ruta graveolens possess antifungal activity to several plant pathogenic fungi. 7-Hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and 7-methoxycoumarin were active against Colletotrichum species that cause Anthracnose disease of strawberry. 

Curry leaves have been studied for their antifungal activity against three plant-pathogenic fungi, i.e. Rhizoctonia solani, R. bataticola [Macrophominaphaseolina] and Helminthosporium oryzae [Cochliobolus miyabeanus] (Ray and Srivastava, 2006). 

Napins and napin-like proteins are c. 14kDa, disulfide-rich, heterodimeric antifungal proteins that are structurally similar to the LTPs and which may function by interacting with membrane phospholipids. Indeed, the napins can be synergistic with plant defensive thionin proteins in damaging pathogenic fungi. Some napins have protease inhibitory activity as do some LTPs (Chapter 13). 

Ambruticin (10) is an antifungal antibiotic present in the fermentation medium of Polyangium cellulosum var. fulvum. It is highly active against systemic pathogenic fungi such as Histoplasma capsulatum and Coccidioides immitis. 

Vanden Bossche H, Dromer F, Improvisi I, Lozano-Chiu M, Rex JH, Sanglard D. Antifungal drug resistance in pathogenic fungi. Med Mycol 1998 36(Suppl l) 119-28. Viviani MA. Flucytosine—what is its future J Antimicrob Chemother 1995 35(2) 241. ... 

Protopine (0.5 - 5.0 mcg/ml) exhibited smooth muscle relaxant activity on the isolated ileum of guinea pig, rabbit, and albino rat, and a marked relaxation of the intestine in situ (5 mg/kg, i.v.) of the anesthetized dog. It addition, the alkaloid demonstrated hydrocholeretic activity at the same dose in the anesthetized dog (with cystic duct ligated and common bile duct cannulated). Protopine (2000 pg/ml) also exhibited prominent antifungal activity as assessed against the spore germination of a number of plant pathogenic fungi [338]. 

Table 6.3 Antifungal resistance-associated transporters in pathogenic fungi.

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