Antifungal antibiotic griseofulvin

Graphon) [43]. Similar isotherms have been reported by Abe and Kuno [44,45] for the adsorption of polyoxyethylated nonylphenols onto carbon and calcium carbonate and by Elworthy and Guthrie [46] for the adsorption of a series of polyoxyethylene non-ionics onto the water-insoluble, antifungal antibiotic, griseofulvin. Other authors have examined the adsorption of polyoxyethylene ethers on paraffin wax [47] and silver iodide particles [48,49]. In general, the plateau region commences at a concentration at or near the CMC. 

Many natural aromatic compounds are produced from the cyclization of poly- -keto chains by enzymic aldol and Claisen reactions. Examples include simple structures like orsellinic acid and phloracetophenone, and more complex highly modified structures of medicinal interest, such as mycophenolic acid, used as an immunosuppressant drug, the antifungal agent griseofulvin, and antibiotics of the tetracycline group, e.g. tetracycline itself. 

Griseofulvin is an antifungal antibiotic used for treating common dermatophyte infections. It is inactive against yeasts. It is available in some countries as a solution which can be applied to the affected areas. However griseofulvin is mostly used systemi-cally. 

Antifungal antibiotics amphotericin B amphotericin B (lipid-based) griseofulvin... 

Other antibiotics of some importance are griseofulvin, cycloheximide, streptomycin and validamycin A. All aspects of antifungal antibiotics have been usefully reviewed (B-77MI10709, B-77MI10710). 

Chlorometabolites are widely distributed in fungi, early examples of which chlorometabolites are the antifungal agent griseofulvin (1) and the toxic sporidesmins (e.g. 2). Chloramphenicol (3), chlortetracycline (4) and ascamycin (5) are examples of chlorinated antibiotics produced by bacteria. 

Griseofulvin is an antifungal antibiotic. It is fungistatic to Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, Fungi imperfecti and certain Phycomycetes spp. (Brian, 1949). Botrytis alii fungi, on which it has a specific action, are the most sensitive. On the other hand, yeast fungi and bacteria, as well as Oomycetes from the class of Phycomycetes, are not sensitive to griseofulvin even at concentrations of 100 /ig/ml. 

The synthesis of griseofulvin by the Merck group represents the second approach to the antifungal antibiotic [6]. 

Griseofulvin is an antifungal antibiotic produced by an unusual strain of Penicillium (52). It is used orally to treat... 

Antifungal, Anthelmintic, and Antiprotozoal Drugs Fig. 2. Polycyclic antibiotics griseofulvin... 

Griseofulvin (21), an antifungal antibiotic representative of the heptaketide series, is obtained from Penicillium griseo-fulvum and probably is biosynthesized as indicated in (Fig. 5.14), Formation of this molecule involves both a Claisen and an aldol condensation. The intermediate compound griseophenone B (22) is then cyclized via a free-radical coupling to normethyldidehydrogriseofulvin, as discussed in Chapter 6. 

MA-MVE, MA-MVE ethyl ester, MA-MVE nonylphenoxy-poly-(ethylenoxy) ethanol griseofulvin (antifungal, antibiotic) 146... 

Griseofulvin (52), a chlorine-containing metabolite elaborated by Peni-cillium griseofulvum and related strains of Penicillium, has unique value as an antifungal antibiotic. Although it is apparently hepatotoxic and carcinogenic for experimental animals and may produce less serious toxic effects in humans, it continues to be used owing to its effectiveness (Wilson, 1971). 

Griseofulvin (60) is an antifungal agent that becomes concentrated in the skin after oral administration, and it is useful in the treatment of cutaneous fungal infections. Bleomycin and similar antibiotics are discussed as chelating agents (p. 159). 

Bactericidal, Antifungal, and Antibiotic Benzofuran Derivatives Natural griseofulvin and its synthetic derivatives,44 as well as natural and synthetic furoquinolines,45 show such properties, as do some pterocarpans, such as phaseolidin,46 which is antifungal and lipophilic (21). 

The selective toxicity of antibiotics is, of course, not confined to bacterial pathogens. Some of the earliest discovered antibiotics possessed other types of activity. Thus griseofulvin (1939) and nystatin (1951) are antifungal agents, and the actinomycins (1940) are antineoplastic... 

Griseofulvin [XLIX], first isolated from Penicillium griseofulvum Dierckx, is effective orally in the treatment of ringworm in animals and man. The observations of Gentles , and Cochrane and Tullett , in antifungal experiments, that this antibiotic seems to possess anti-inflammatory properties led... 

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