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Antibiotics recombinant methods

Non-protein products may be synthesized by recombinant methods. Numerous important pharmaceuticals are small molecules, the biosyntheses of which require the sequential involvement of different enzymes. The cloning of all the relevant genes on to a single plasmid (Section 9.1) offers a means of enhanced production of the substances. The antibiotic, actinorhodin, has been synthesized in Streptomyces by such methods. Experimental vaccines against certain viral diseases have also been produced by recombinant DNA technology. [Pg.230]

Finally, it is worth emphasizing that the optimization of the selection method must precede any attempt to obtain recombinant cell lines. Performing a dose-response assay is highly recommended to assess the lowest concentration of the antibiotic that kills the wild-type cells after a given period of time. [Pg.64]

Because homologous recombination is a rare event, it is extremely difficult and forbidding to identify and isolate cells which undergo such events by standard screening methods. A number of vectors and selection techniques have been developed for the enrichment and identification of the cell containing homologous recombination events. ES cells into which vector DNA is introduced generally by electroporation are selected for the presence of the vector by virtue of its ability to confer resistance to antibiotics such as... [Pg.228]

The ionophores and several other specialty products are included in Table 13.8 for comparison purposes. Products of mammalian cell culture such as plasminogen activator and erythropoietin are included as fermentation products in this listing because they are normally manufactured by cellular processes in bioreactors. Aside from the five commodity chemicals in this table, the most dramatic change in the commercial chemicals produced by fermentation results from the impact of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA methods on the specialty products. Antibiotics and biopolymers (hormones, enzymes, etc.) with molecular structures too complex for conventional chemical synthesis will continue to be manufactured by microbial processes (Hinman, 1993). [Pg.542]

Fermentation in its simplest forms, such as the production of bread or wine, is very old technology. In its application with recombinant DNA to produce pharmacologically active proteins (erythropoetin, human growth hormone, human insulin), it is central to the modem biotechnological revolution. In between, it is the method for production of antibiotics and vitamin B12 and provides a step in the production of vitamin C and the synthesis of cortisone from diosgenin. [Pg.903]

Many of these enzymes are encoded in plasmids, small circular pieces of DNA often carried by bacteria. Many plasmids are readily transferred from one bacterial cell to another, transmitting the capability for antibiotic resistance. Plasmid transfer thus contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistance, a major health-care challenge. On the other hand, plasmids have been harnessed for use in recombinant DNA methods (p. 143). [Pg.1022]


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Recombinant Methods

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