Antibiotics quinolone containing

The discovery of new broad spectmm antibiotics has been accompanied by the development of processes for fluorinated feedstocks ring-fluorinated aromatics for those quinolones containing a fluorobenzopyridone group, and fluorinated pyridine precursors for those antibiotics containing a naphthyridine nucleus (enoxacin, tosufloxacin) (see Table 14). 

Un, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis prophylaxis in transurethral procedures Action Quinolone antibiotic -1- DNA gyrase. Dose 400 mg/d PO X w/ renal insuff, avoid antacids Caution [C, —] Interactions w/ cation-containing products Contra Quinolone all gy, children <18 y,T QT interval, X Disp Tabs SE NA/ /D, abd pain, photosens, Szs, HA, dizziness, tendon rupture, periph al neuropathy, pseudomembranous cohtis, anaphylaxis Interactions t Effects W/ cimetidine, probenecid T effects OF cyclosporine, warfarin, caffeine X effects W/ antacids EMS Monitor ECG for TqT int val, esp in pts taking class lA/III antiarrhythmics monitor ECG and BP for signs of h5 povolemia and electrol5rte disturbances (hypokalemia) d/t D T risk of photosensitivity Rxns OD May cause NA /D, confusion and Szs symptomatic and supportive... 

For examples of quinolone antibiotics we can choose ofloxacin, whose synthesis is discussed in detail in Chapter 23, and rosoxacin whose synthesis is discussed overleaf. Both molecules contain the... 

Many enantiomerically pure compounds can be made by a variety of strategies. Several conceivable strategies for the synthesis of the quinolone antibiotic ofloxacin 45 are shown below. The molecule contains only one chiral centre and this may be introduced as a fragment from the chiral pool 47 or by the resolution of a key intermediate 44 or indeed the final product.4 A synthesis developed5 for the preparation of racemic ofloxacin which incorporates racemic aminoalcohol ( )-47, could in principle... 

Quinolone antibiotics such as ofloxacin 200 are totally different from P-lactams, tetracyclines and so on and work in a different way. They offer some hope that resistance may be slow to appear. They all contain the quinolone core a benzene ring fused to a y-pyridone. Most have various amine substituents and ofloxacin has a fluorine atom. Disconnection of the enamine reveals a benzene ring with a series of heteroatom substituents (N, N, O, F) and the one fluorine suggests that a series of nucleophilic substitutions might provide a synthesis. 

Ma huang has traditionally been used to treat cough and respiratory infection. However, the latest studies suggest that there may be other reasons for treating respiratory infections with ephedra it contains a compound that, in the test tube at least, has antibiotic properties. It is a quinoline alkaloid (4-quinolone-2-carboxylic acid), isolated from the aerial part of Ephedra transitoria by column chromatography, and called transtorine. It inhibits growth of common bacteria, such as Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus (A1 -Khalil et al., 1998). Unfortunately, there have been no clinical trials. 

Among anti-bacterial agents, the simplest must be isoniazide (Rimifon), an important anti-tuberculosis drug. Heterocyclic contributions to mainstream antibiotics include a group of quinolones e.g. the broad-spectrum anti-bacterial ciprofloxacin (Cipro) perhaps best known in connection with terrorist use of anthrax and the diamino-pyrimidine trimethoprim (Triprim). Many of the sulfonamides, the hrst synthetic antibiotics, contain heterocyclic residues. 

One class of dmgs containing the quinoline ring is the quinolone antibiotics, especially the fluoroquinolone antibiotics. The first quinolone antibacterial was discovered serendipitously in the early 1960s. Chemists at the Sterling-Winthrop laboratories in Rensselaer, NY, isolated a by-product in their synthesis of chloroquine. 

Another extraction procedure based on buffered QuEChERS methodology (quick, easy, che, effective, rugged, and safe) has recently been reported for the multiresidue determination of 18 dmgs in milk. In this procedure, extraction of milk samples was carried out with acetonitrile while no extract cleanup was required. Extract cleanup was also not applied in the multiresidue determination of 39 antibiotics, including tetracychnes, quinolones, penicillins, sulfonamides, and macrolides in chicken muscle after extraction with methanol/water containing EDTA and direct injection into an ultra-performance LC-mass spectrometery (MS)-MS system.t ... 

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