Antibiotics production from microorganism

Fermentation broths tend to be very dilute and contain complex mixtures of inorganic or organic substances. The recovery of a soluble product (MW range 500-2500 dalton) such as an antibiotic, organic acid or animal vaccine from fermentation broth takes several processing steps. The first step is the clarification of broth to separate the low molecular weight soluble product from microorganisms and other particulate matter such as cells, cell debris, husks, colloids and macromolecules from the broth me-dium.l l In this step, microporous membrane filters (MWCO 10,000 to... 

Mitomycin is an antibiotic isolated from the products of living microorganisms of the family Streptomyces caepitosus and contains quinone, urethane, and aziridine fragments [109-114], and it was later synthesized [115,116]. 

The cephalosporins are semisynthetic antibiotics derived from products of various microorganisms, including Cephalosporium and Streptomyces. All cephalosporins... 

Most antibiotics come from secondary metabolites of soil microorganisms that inhibit bacteria or fungi. Large-scale screening of microorganism fermentations followed by isolation and structure elucidation is required. Because many natural products have been previously identified, approaches that avoid time-consuming isolation and provide quick elucidation are essential. 

The terms aminoglycoside as well as aminocyclitol antibiotic which are used for this class of natural products refer to the structural aspect. Most of the aminoglycoside antibiotics contain aminosugars and an aminocyclitol or a cyclitol moiety. The middle furanose part in streptomycin is called streptose and was the first branched-chain sugar obtained from microorganisms. The other rings in streptomycin are a IV-methyl-L-glucosamine moiety and an aminocyclitol called streptidine (O Fig. 20). 

Ritzau, M., Phillips, S., and Zeeck, A, (1993) Metabolic products of microorganisms 268. Obscurolides, a novel class of phosphodiesterase inhibitors from Strep-tomyces. II. Minor components belonging to the obscurolide B to D series. J. Antibiot. 46, 1625-1628. 

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