Antibiotics 8-lactamic

Peptide antibiotics are not often the drags of first choice for systemic therapy of important human disease. However, the World Health Organization, which chooses drags especially for Third World use based on efficacy, safety, quality, price, and availability, includes as essential such peptide antibiotics as bleomycin, dactinomycin, and bacitracin (as an ointment containing neomycin), plus several /8-lactams. See also Antibiotics, Antibiotics -Lactams. Systemic use of peptide antibiotics is many times limited by nephroloxicity and other toxicities. Semisynthesis or complete chemical synthesis of analogues of peptide antibiotics has most often not resulted in improved drags. [Pg.127]

Southgate R and Osborne NF (1992) Antibiotics [ -lactams (carbapenems and penems)]. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th edn, Vol 3. Wiley, New York, pp 1-27. [Pg.464]

Enzymatic detoxification or modification AGAC antibiotics /(-Lactams Chloramphenicol Erythromycin Tetracyclines Mercury compounds Formaldehyde Modification by acetyltransferases, adenylylases or phosphotransferases Inactivation (/(-lactamases) Inactivation (acetyltransferases) Esterases produce anhydroerythromycin Enzymatic inactivation Inactivation (hydrolases, lyases) Dehydrogenase... [Pg.159]

S. jmeumoniaeisdates are often intermediate resistant to penicillin (8% to 34%) and some are highly penicillin resistant (12% to 21%). Penicillin-resistant isolates are often resistant to multiple antibiotics. Lactam resistance occurs in about 23% to 35% ofH influenzae and in up to 100% of M. catarrhalis. [Pg.478]

The lactam functional group is encountered in numerous macrocychc lactams like, for example, the inacrocy-clic polyamine alkaloids and the ansamycin antibiotics. Lactam formation can be achieved by intramolecular reaction between acyl chloride and amine functional... [Pg.833]

Cephalosporins Alfatil, Cefaloject, Cefaxyl, Ceporin, Cephalosporium acremonium Semi-marine fungi Antibiotic Lactam Since 1964 (the most recent fourth-generation cephalosporins... [Pg.39]

ANTIBIOTICS - BETA-LACTAMS - BETA-LACTAMASE INHIBITORS] (Vol 3)... [Pg.15]

ANTIBIOTICS - BETA-LACTAMS - PENICILLINS AND OTHEPE] (Vol 3) d-(L-a-Aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (LLD-ACV) [32467-88-2]... [Pg.41]

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