Biological detection, antibiotic

The materials for uniforms and equipment will need to provide protection from chemical and biological agents (and perhaps detect them as well), be lightweight, and provide climate control to maintain performance in extreme environments. New medicines—antivirals, antibiotics, and antifungals—will be needed to maintain the health of troops deployed in such locations. In urban areas, advanced materials are needed for robots that can enter buildings before soldiers. 

As occurred with the other antibiotics, commercial immunoassay formats, also available as kits for tetracyclines and penicillins such as the Parallux, the LacTek, or the Charm II, have also been placed on the market for the analysis of sulfonamides (see Table 4). Thus, the Parallux detects sulfamethazine and sulfadimethoxine in raw milk with a LOD of 10 pg L1. The Charm II detects almost all sulfonamides in honey and milk with a LOD in the range from 1 to 10 pg L, whereas LacTek is able to detect sulfamethazine. Moreover, the 5101SULlp and 5101SUDAlp tests reach LOD values for sulfamethazine and sulfadiazine of around 0.2 pg L 1 and they have been applied to the analysis of urine, milk, and plasma. These tests have proved to be efficient as a point of care for on-site applications on farms. Moreover, commercially available antibodies can be found from several sources such as Silver Lake Research, US Biological, Cortex Biochem. Inc., Accurate Chemical Scientific, Fitzgerald Industries International Inc., and Biotrend Chemikalien GmbH. 

A variety of biological approaches for the rapid detection of antibiotics in food exist, including traditional microbial inhibition tests, immunoassays, and... 

Bioassays with pro- or eukaryotic cells capable of detecting compounds based on their effects, offer a possible solution. For the detection of antibiotics in milk and meat, a number of different tests are used for the screening4 5 and in many cases, chemical identification of the responsible substances is no longer required. Recent advances in cell biology and in particular biotechnology have... 

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