Anti-Thy

Allylic stannaries with y-oxygen substituents have been used to build up polyoxy-genated carbon chains. For example, 16 reacts with the stannane 17 to give a high preference for the stereoisomer in which the two oxygen substituents are anti. This stereoselectivity is consistent with chelation control.183... 

Krum JM, Kenyon KL, Rosenstein JM. Expression of blood-brain barrier characteristics following neuronal loss and astroglial damage after administration of anti-thy-1 immunotoxin. Exp Neurol 1997 146 33-45. 

The antileukemic efficacy of an immunotoxin composed of a monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibody disulfide linked to the ribosome-inactivating protein gelonin. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 25, 31. 

Youle, R.J., and Nevelle Jr., D.M (1980) Anti-Thy 1.2 monoclonal antibody linked to ricin is a potent cell-type-specific toxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 5483-5486. 

The mechanism of this new reaction is shown in Scheme 14. Coordination of the diene to palladium(II) makes the diene double bond electrophilic enough to be attacked by the allylsilane. The attack by the allylsilane takes place on the face of the diene opposite to that of the palladium (anti). This is the first example of an anti attack by an allylsilane on a 7T-(olefin)metal complex. Benzoquinone (BQ)-induced anti attack by chloride ion produces the product 58. 

For glomerulonephritis, several immunological models are available [150]. For example, injection of an antibody against thymocytes (anti-Thy 1.1 nephritis) causes a rapid mesangi-olysis followed by proliferation [151,152]. 

Figure 7 shows a plot of x as a function of cp. A rough correlation can be seen if cp is positive then x is positive and if cp is negative then x is negative. The crystal structure of XAGWUX contains two independent molecules with opposite conformations. One of the molecules is syn-syn the other is anti-anti. This occurrence frustrates any attempts to correlate the conformation of the cation with the acidic strength of the anion or other counter ion effects. 

HPMA copolymer Daunomycin Amide bond between drug aminoribosyl and variable oligopeptide spacer carboxyl anti-Thy 1.2 or anti-Iak antibodies... 

HPMA copolymer Chlorin e6 Amide bond between drug carboxyl and spacer amine anti-Thy 1.2 antibody... 

However, the greatest changes in the biodistribution of HPMA copolymers were achieved, as expected, by the attachment of targeting moieties. A number of targeting moieties were used (N-acylated) galactosamine [23,39,40, 43, 113,191, 260-265,270-272], (6-O-bound) galactose [162,272], (N-acylated) fucosylamine [39,40,264], anti-Thy 1.2 antibodies and anti Iak antibodies [23, 24, 41, 273-275], B 72.3 antibodies [276], transferrin and anti-transferrin receptor (B3/25) antibodies [277], anti-CD3 antibodies [344] melanocyte stimulating hormone [37], and secretin [278,279]. 

Scott, C. J., Jr., Goldmacher, V. S., Lambert, J. M., Chari, R. V., Bolender, S., Gauthier, M. N., and Blattler, W. A. (1987) The antileukemic efficacy of an immunotoxin composed of a monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibody disulfide linked to the ribosome-inactivating protein gel-onin. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 25, 31. 

NY) and kept at 4°C in the dark until developed. The time of exposure varied between 12 days and one month. The films were developed in Kodak X-ray Developer-Replenisher ( 146-5327) and fixed in Kodak Rapid Fix ( 146-4106). Selected areas on the TLC plates directly under the spots on the films were eluted from the silica gel and tested in the anti-Thy-1 PFC assay. 

Anti-Thy-1 PFC Assay. Fuji and Milgrom (4) originally developed an in vitvo PFC assay which detected Thy-1 alloantigen on whole thymocytes. A modified version, used here, has previously been described in detail and found to be effective for measuring the immune response to isolated glycolipid and glycoprotein Thy-1 alloantigens (3). 

Figure 1. Anti-Thy-1.2 response elicited by glycolipids and glycoprotein...

A Brain glycolipids (gl), (500 ng, and glycoprotein (gp), 100 ng, were added to AKR spleen cells, and resulting PFC were enumerated in a lawn of C3H thymocytes. Culture medium (m) was added to control cultures. Antigens are identified by Thy-1.2 (C3H) or Thy-I.I (AKR) according to the mice from which they were derived. Control cultures were absorbed before addition to cultures with anti-Thy-1.2 (a-1.2) or anti-Thy-1.1 (a-I.l) antisera. Values are the means and standard errors of five cultures (3). 

Gangliosides assayed were eluted from the plate shown in Figure 3, diluted, and the amount derived from 0.1 g of brain was added to the PFC assay cultures. Values are the mean standard error of five cultures. Application of the Student t test to the standard errors for the samples gave p values less than 0.05 when compared with the Thy-l-active fraction. Positive control for the anti-Thy-1.2 PFC assay was a column GM1 fraction containing Thy-l glycolipid (15). 

Chromatography was done as described in Figure 3, using the gangliosides derived from 2 X 10s cells. Assayed fractions are labeled with numbers that correspond to the anti-Thy-1 PFC assay in Figure 6. Number 10 refers to the area surrounding the spots that were assayed (15,). 

Figure 8. Anti-Thy-I PFC assay for allogenic specificity of brain and lymphoma Thy -l...

Mild acid and neuraminidase treatment and DEAE cellulose chromatography were used to further characterize the Thy-1 active compounds (Table I, previous page). Neuraminidase treatment and mild acid conditions, which result in the removal of sialic acid, destroyed the anti-Thy-1 PFC response to these antigens. Furthermore, both Thy-1.1 and Thy-1.2 glycolipids bound to DEAE cellulose, confirming their acidic nature. 

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