Anti-polyelectrolyte

Figure 4.1.29. (a) The polyelectrolyte effect (b) the anti-polyelectrolyte effect (Lowe and McCormick, 2001). Reprinted, with permission, from Stimuli-Responsive Water Soluble and Amphiphillic Polymers, ACS Symposium Series 780, 2000, p. 352, C.L. McCormick (ed.), A.B. Lowe and C.L. McCormik (Chapter 1 authors), Figures 1 and 2 on pp. 2 and 3 of Chapter 1. Copyright (2000) American Chemical Society. 

The gold nanoparticle/polyelectrolyte coated latex particles are then conjugated with biotin molecules through a layer of biotinylated poly(allylamine hydrochloride) that is deposited on the particle surface before biotin binding. Fluorescein isothiocyanate labled anti-biotin immunoglobulin (FITC-anti-biotin IgG)... 

Figure 2.10 Micro-grafting using atmospheric pressure plasma. (A) Activation of a fluoropolymer foil throi h a silicon stencil mask using cm atmospheric helium plasma jet. (B) After grafting of 4 VP anti reaction with iotio-methane to form a strong polyelectrolyte, distinct differences in surface chemistry are evident from differences in wetting in water vapor. (C) After immersion in water, droplets remain only in the grafted areas.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications 20, No. 12, Dec. 1999, p.607-11 POLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEX LAYERS A PROMISING CONCEPT FOR ANTI-FOULING COATINGS VERIFIED BY IN-SITU ATR-FTIR SPECTROSCOPY... 

Seawater supply is from an intake 20 m below the water surface, about 1.5 km offshore and 2.2 km from the RO plant. The supply tunnel is about 70 m below the ground surface. The pre-treatment train includes chlorination, polyelectrolyte and ferrous sulphate coagulation/flocculation, acid dosage, dual-media filtration, anti-sealant addition, acid, cartridge filtration and sodium metabisulphite (e.g. see Figures 3.31 and 3.32]. The RO system is a two-pass unit. Post-treatment includes CO2 and lime treatment and chlorination with sodium hypochlorite. The desalinated product water TDS is 220 mg/1 with maximum boron concentration of 1 mg/1. 

As an example, human chorionic gonadotropic hormone, HCG, may be attached to the surface of latex particles and thereby serve as a sensitive reagent for the detection of anti-HCG factor, which is always present in the urine of a woman eight to ten days after the first missed menstrual period in pregnancy. A simple pregnancy test may thus be performed on a single drop of urine mixed with two drops of the interfacial polyelectrolyte reagent. 

Regelson W, Holand JF (1958) The anionic polyelectrolyte polyethylenesulfonate, as a new anti-neoplastic agent. Nature 181 46 7... 

A major modem use of electrically conducting textiles is in anti-static applications. Static electricity can not only be uncomfortable, but can also lead to fires and explosions (Kassebaum and Kocken, 1997). Anti-static properties can be conferred by coating fibres with metallized films, intrinsically conductive polymers, polyelectrolytes or by low molecular weight anti-statics in solution (Pionteck and Wypych, 2007). In the food industry, some solutions such as metal or metallized fibres are avoided because of the potential for contamination. Many of the technologies used for anti-statics have been employed for use in electronic textiles. 

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