Anthropology: physical

Anthropologic features of humans, their physical activities, ventilation capacities, and the state of their circulation all affect exposure to chemical compounds. Some of the physiological determinants of exposure will be dealt with below. Exercise typically increases cardiac output, facilitates circulation, increases the minute volume of ventilation, is associated with vasodilation of the skin circulation, and increases perspiration and secretory activity of the sweat glands. All of these changes tend to facilitate the absorption of chemicals through multiple routes. 

Herring, D.A., Saunders, S.R. and Katzenberg, M.A. 1998 Investigating the weaning process in past populations. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 105 425-439. 

Katzenberg, M.A., Herring, D.A. and Saunders, S.R. 1996 Weaning and infant mortality Evaluating the skeletal evidence. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 39 177—199. 

Saunders, S.R, DeVito, C. and Katzenherg, M.A. 1997 Dental caries in nineteenth century Upper Canada. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 104 71-87. 

Saunders, S.R and Hoppa, R.D. 1993 Growth deficit in survivors and non-survivors biological mortality bias in subadult skeletal samples. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 36 127-152. 

Saunders, S.R. and Sawchuk, E.R. 1995 Biological indicators of labour and occupational stress Gender comparisons in a Nineteenth Century pioneer community. Paper presented at the American Association of Physical Anthropology Meetings, Oakland, California. 

Schwarcz, H.P. and Schoeninger, M.J. 1991 Stable isotope analyses in human nutritional ecology. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 34 283-322. 

White, C.D. and Schwarcz, H.P. 1994 Temporal trends in stable isotopes for Nubian mummy tissues. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 93 165-187. 

Wright, L.E. and Schwarcz, HP. 1998 Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in human tooth enamel identifying breastfeeding and weaning in prehistory. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 106 1-18. 

Walker, PL. and DeNiro, M.J. 1986 Stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in bone collagen as indices of prebistoric dietary dependence on marine and terrestrial resources in Soutbem California. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 71 51-61. 

Sillen, A. 1988 Elemental and isotopic analyses of mammalian fauna from southern Africa and their implications for paleodietary research. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 76 49-60. 

Schoeninger, M.J. 1982 Diet and evolution of modern human form in the Middle East. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 58 37-52. 

Baker, B.J. 1991 Collagen preservation and composition in ancient Nubian skeletal remains. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Supplement 12 46 7. 

Pfeiffer, S. 1989 Characterization of archaeological bone decomposition in a sample of known length of interment. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 78 283. 

Burton, J.H. and Wright, L.E. 1995 Nonlinearity in the relationship between bone Sr/Ca and diet paleodietary implications. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 96 273-282. 

Ezzo, J.A., Larsen, C.S. and Burton, J.H. 1995 Elemental signatures of human diets from the Georgia Bight. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 98 471-481. 

Hedges, R. E. M., Clement, J. G., Thomas, C. D. L., O CormeU, T. C. (2007). Collagen turnover in the adult femoral mid-shaft Modeled from anthropogenic radiocarbon tracer measurements. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 133, pp. 808-816. 

Kaestle, F. and K. Ann Horsburgh (2002), Ancient DNA in anthropology Methods, applications and ethics, Yearbook of Physical Anthropology (45), 92-130. 

University of California, Department of Anthropology, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Riverside, CA 92521... 

Cattaneo, C., Gelsthorpe, K., Phillips, P and Sokol, R.J. (1992). Reliable identification of human albumin in ancient bone using ELISA and monoclonal antibodies. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 87 365-372. 

Bell, L.S., Cox, G. and Sealy, J. (2001). Determining isotopic life history trajectories using bone density fractionation and stable isotope measurements a new approach. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 116 66-79. 

Fuller, B.T., Molleson, T.L, Harris, D.A., Gilmour, L.T. and Hedges, R.E.M. (2006a). Isotopic evidence for breastfeeding and possible adult dietary differences from Late/Sub-Roman Britain. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 129 45-54. 

Lambert, J.B., Vlasak, S.M., Thometz, A.C. and Buikstra, J.E. (1982). A comparative study of the chemical analysis of ribs and femurs in woodland populations. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 59 289-294. 

Lambert, J.B., Simpson, S.V., Buikstra, J.E. and Hanson, D. (1983). Electron microprobe analysis of elemental distribution in excavated human femurs. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 62 409 -23. 

Lee-Thorp, J. and Sponheimer, M. (2006). Contributions of biogeochemistry to understanding hominin dietary ecology. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 49 131-148. 

Richards, M.P., Mays, S. and Fuller, B.T. (2002). Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of bone and teeth reflect weaning age at the Medieval Wharram Percy site, Yorkshire UK. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 119 205-210. 

Sillen, A. and Kavenagh, M. (1982). Strontium and paleodioetary research a review. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 25 67-90. 

Ubelaker, D.H., Katzenberg, M.A. and Doyon, L.G. (1995). Status and diet in precontact highland Ecuador. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 97 403-411. 

Larsen, C. S., Schoeninger, M. J., van der Merwe, N. J., Moore, K. M., and Lee-Thorp, J. A. (1992). Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic signatures of human dietary change in the Georgia Bight. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 89 197-214. 

Mansilla, J., Solis, C., Chavez-Lomeli, M.E., and Gama, J. E. (2003). Analysis of colored teeth from Precolumbian Tlatelolco postmortem transformation or intravitam processes American Journal of Physical Anthropology 120 73-82. 

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