Antheridiogens

Primary nitro compounds RNO were oxidised to RCOOH (the Nef reaction, e.g. nitroethane to acetic acid, nitrohexane to hexanoic acid) by RuCl3/(Br03) /aq. M Naj(C03), activated primary alkyl halides RCl to RCOOH and secondary alkyl halides to ketones [213]. Corey used RuCl3/K3(S303)/aq. base pH 14 to oxidise a carbon-bearing nitro group to a carbonyl function as part of a total synthesis of antheridiogen (A, 2) [87]. 

Schneller, J.J., Haufler, C.ff., Ranker, T.A. (1990). Antheridiogen and natural gametophyte populations. American Fern Journal 80,143-152. 

Furber, M., L. N. Mander, J. E. Nester, N. Takahashi, and H. Yamane, Structure of an antheridiogen from the fern Anemia mexicana. Phytochemistry, 28, 63-66 (1989). 

Gibberellic acid, T35.13 Antheridiogen-An, T35.10 Catechin tetramethyl ether, Y3.2 Molephantin, T 9.13... 

Ditarpenes terpenes derived from four isoprene units (C20H32). Phytol, an aliphatic D., is important as the ester component of chlorophyll and as a part of vitamins K and E. Other examples of naturally occurring D. are Stevioside (see), vitamin A, retinol (chromophore of visual purple), certain alkaloids (cassaine, aconitine), and hormones such as gibberellins, trisporic acids and antheridiogens. Many cyclic D. are acids (e.g. the resinic acid, abie-tic acid Fig.). 

The classic P. are Auxins (see), Cibberellins (see), Antheridiogen (see), Cytokinins (see), Abscisic acid (see). Flowering hormone (see) and Fruit ripening hormone (see). 

GibbereUins are active as hormones in higher plants (E 3.1). In the fungus Fusarium moniliforme (Gibberella fujikuroi) they are built as phytotoxins (E 5.4). The antheridiogens, which possess hormone activity in ferns are structurally related to the gibberellins (E 3.1). 

Antheridiogens (D 6.3) F erns (Prothalli) Causing antheridia formation... 

Different signals, therefore, have different values for the two responses, perhaps because different receptors are involved in both processes. Furthermore, the quite unspecific compensation of antheridiogens by G As may show that we are possibly studying the evolutionary starting point of a hormone system, since a hormonal function of gibberellins for plant groups below the ferns has not been documented unequivocally. 

Anhydromonocrolactic acid, K23 Anhydrovobasindiol, Kll Anisomycin, Y27 Annofoline, K25 Annopodine, K26 Annotinine, K25 Anodendrine, K22 Antheridiogen, T35... 

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