Anterior cingulate cortex mechanisms

It is known that respiratory stimuli elicit neural activity in suprapontine areas (O Donnell et al. 2007). hi human studies (Fig. 1) respiratory-related evoked potentials (RREP), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have been used to study human brain activity induced by respiratory mechanical loads, reducing tidal volume, hypercapnia, and hypoxia (O Donnell et al. 2007). Neural activation has been reported in the primary sensory cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, anterior cingulate, amygdala, anterior insular... 

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