Pharmacologic antagonists

Wilding, T. J. and Huettner, J. E. (1996) Antagonist pharmacology of kainate- and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-preferring receptors. Mol. Pharmacol. 49, 540-546. 

Herranz R. Cholecystokinin antagonists pharmacological and therapeutic potential. Med Res Rev 2003 23 559-605. 

Herrling, P. L., Emre, M., Watkins, J. C. D-CPPene (SDZ EAA-494)- A competitive NMDA antagonist Pharmacology and result in humans, in Excitatory amino acids - clinical results with antagonists, edited by P. Herrling, Academic Press, London, 1997, 23-30. 

Longmore, J., Hill, R. G., Hargreaves, R. J. Neurokinin-receptor antagonists pharmacological tools and therapeutic drugs, Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 1997, 75, 612-621. 

Before the introduction of specific vasopressin receptor antagonists, pharmacological treatments for hyponatremia centered on the use of loop diuretics and nonspecific inhibitors of vasopressin signaling, such as lithium carbonate and demeclocycline.11 The utility of such therapies has been limited by a range of sideeffects. Loop diuretic use can result in electrolyte imbalances and suffers from poor response predictability.11 Lithium carbonate suffers from a low therapeutic index and a risk of renal damage as well as limited effectiveness in many patients. Lithium carbonate has therefore been nearly completely supplanted by demeclocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, in the treatment of chronic hyponatremia.12 Demeclocycline use is itself limited by its nephrotoxicity (particularly in cirrhotic patients), ability to cause reversible uremia, and ability to induce photosensitivity.1,11... 

Trist DG. 2000. Excitatory amino acid agonists and antagonists Pharmacology and therapeutic applications. Pharm Acta Helv 74 221-229. 

Wood AJ. Calcium antagonists. Pharmacologic differences and similarities. Circulation 1989 80(Suppl 6) IV184-8. 

Singh, L. ef al. (1995) Peptoid CCK receptor antagonists Pharmacological evaluation of CCKa. CCKb and mixed CCKa/b receptor antagonists, Eur, J. Pharmacol.. 286,185-191. 

Michaels, R. L. and Rothman, S. M., Glutamate neurotoxicity in vitro antagonist pharmacology and intracellular calcium concentrations, J. Neurosci., 10, 283, 1990. 

PARALLEL COMPARISON OF ANTAGONIST PHARMACOLOGY OF THE CLONED o,-AR SUBTYPES... 

Excitatory amino acid agonists and antagonists pharmacology and therapeutic applications... 

When used concomitantly, theophylline increases the excretion of lithium. Also, cimetidine, allopurinol (high dose), propranolol, erythromycin, and troleandomycin may cause an increase in serum concentrations of theophylline by decreasing the hepatic clearance. Barbiturates and phenytoin enhance hepatic clearance and hepatic metabolism of theophylline, decreasing plasma levels. Beta-adrenergic blockers exert an antagonistic pharmacologic effect. 

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