Glutamate antagonists

Ikonomidou and Turski, 2002 Yi and Hazell, 2006). This suggests a cocktail of glutamate receptor antagonists, glutamate transporter inhibitors, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory drugs may have beneficial effects in traumatic head injury. 

Koyuncouglu, H., Kara, I., Gunel, M. et al. (1998). V-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists, glutamate release inhihitors, 4-anuno-pyridine at neuromuscular transmission. Pharmacol. Res. 37 1-7. 

Opioid Receptor Antagonists, Glutamate Receptor Antagonists, and Calcium Channel Blockers in SCI... 

Kemp JA, Kew JNC, Gill R (1999) NMDA receptor antagonists and their potential as neuroprotective agents, chapter 16 Ionotropic glutamate receptors in the CNS. Springer Verlag... 

Several glutamate antagonists have been or are in the process of being evaluated both preclinically and clinically as neuroprotective agents. For example, MK-801, an NMDA antagonist, reduces the detrimental effects of excess glutamate (as well as other insults to neurons) in a variety of animal models. Unfortunately the... 

Krystal JH, Cramer JA, Krol WF, et al Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. N Eng J Med 343 1734-1739, 2001 Krystal JH, Petrakis IL, Limoncelli D, et al Altered NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist response in recovering ethanol-dependent patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 28 2020-2028, 2003a... 

Turning now to chemical attack, many predators immobilize their prey by injecting toxins, often neurotoxins, into them. Examples include venomous snakes, spiders, and scorpions. Some spider toxins (Quick and Usherwood 1990 Figure 1.3) are neurotoxic through antagonistic action upon glutamate receptors. The venom of some scorpions contains polypeptide neurotoxins that bind to the sodium channel. 

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