Anomaly fusion

Because sodium has but a single stable isotope it sheds no light on isotopic anomalies within presolar material. Its nucleosynthesis derives almost entirely from a single main-line source, the fusion of carbon in massive stars that will become Type II supernovae. 

The cosmic chemical memory interpretation was advanced by the writer as a superior way to think of these isotopic anomalies. This picture argued that the early solar system was not hot enough to vaporize the entirety of most solids but only their volatile parts and portions of their refractory Ca-and-Al-rich minerals. The refractory parts had survived to that time from their earlier condensation as stardust and were fused into the CAI assemblages found today in the meteorites. That fusion occurred while the gas that was vaporized from a dust-rich presolar mixture recondensed as the main minerals of the CAIs. The refractory cores, being stardust that had condensed even earlier within individual stars and supernovae, contain the isotope ratios from those distinct sources. When these cores were fused into the CAIs found today, the chemistry remembered the isotope ratios of the source presolar grains, so thatsolar-system rocks (CAIs) remembered their isotopic parentage. Hence the name cosmic chemical memory. See l60 for a fuller account of the historical role played by the experimental discovery of l60-rich minerals within the CAIs, and of how the memory of l60-richness was saved. 

All previous examples referred to the anomalies due to out-of-plane distortions of the aromatic rings. Properties of aromatic compounds could also be affected by in-plane angle distortions caused by a fusion of a small ring and an aromatic residue. Among various compounds which have been designed and synthesized for investigations into these effects, the most interesting data were obtained for tris(benzocyclobutadieno)benzene 197, easily prepared by the... 

The adopted functions include A j.gH = 0.97 cal mol at 57 K from a small x-anomaly observed between 50 and 60 K ( ). Fusion and Sublimation Data... 

In this way, it is possible to explain the low thermal expansion of silica refractories in the medium temperature range and a considerable expansion at low temperatures. This i.s also why silica differs considerably in thermal shock resistance in these temperature ranges. For this type of refractory, it is thus inadequate to specify the usual value of mean thermal expansion coefficient for a certain temperature range (e.g. 20—1000 C). The polymorphic inversion also results in an expansion anomaly of stabilized Z1O2 and of fusion-cast corundum-baddeleyite refractories around 1000 C (cf also Fig. 201). 

Figure 39-9 Fluorescence in situ hybridization for the t(l4 l8) anomaly on metaphase spreads of a case of follicular lymphoma. The immunoglobulin heavy chain sequences on I4q32 (red) when juxtaposed to the bd-2 sequences on I8q2l (green) yield a yellow fusion signal indicative of the presence of the t(l4 l8). (See Color Plate 2.)...

Figure 39-11 Schematic representation of the organization of the AMU (2lq22) and the 70 genes (8q22) involved in the t(8 21) anomaly that is characteristic of FAB AML-M2.The centromeric (c) and telomeric (tel) directions are indicated, in panel A, the exons of the AMU gene are depicted in black rectangles the exons of the 70 gene are depicted in white rectangles. In panel B, the configuration of the AMUiETO chimeric fusion is shown.The numbers below the fusion transcript indicate the position of the first nucleotide in the exon involved, or the last nucleotide of the exon Immediately 5 to the fusion.

Pancreas divisum is the most common congenital anomaly of the pancreatic duct system. It arises from an incomplete fusion of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts. The incidence of pancreas divisum at autopsy ranges between 4.7% and 11%, but in patients with unexplained pancreatitis the incidence can be as high as 25.6%. Multiple attacks of pancre-... 

A longitudinal vaginal septum (Fig. 12.9) occurs as a consequence of incomplete fusion of the miille-rian ducts or resorption failure of the vaginal septum. This anomaly is also typically associated with other malformations of the mullerian ducts [septate uterus, bicornuate uterus, uterus didelphys (Fig. 12.9), cervical duplication] [2j. 

The most basic classification of rniillerian duct defects consists of agenesis and hypoplasia, defects of vertical fusion, and defects of lateral fusion. In 1979, Buttram and Gibbons [30] proposed a classification of rniillerian duct anomalies that was based on the degree of failure or normal development, and... 

Cerium metal is discussed in ch. 4 and only a brief mention of its high pressure behavior will be made here (for references see the list in ch. 4). Cerium can exist at atmospheric pressure in the fee (y) or dhep (iS) form and undergoes an isostructural transition near 100 K to another fcc-form referred to as o-Ce. The y-a Ce transition occurs at 7 kbar at room temperature and this transition is accompanied by about 8% volume decrease. This is one of the most widely studied transitions as a function of pressure and temperature and is believed to involve a valence change from 3 towards a higher valence state (3.7 ). The y to a transition line terminates at a critical point the very first example in which a solid - solid transition was shown to exhibit a liquid-vapor-like critical point. A pressure-induced phase transition near 50 kbar, initially reported to be yet another isostructural transition has been shown to be from fee (a-Ce) to an orthorhombic phase with the a-U structure. Stager and Drickamer (1964) have reported a pronounced resistance anomaly near 120 kbar indicative of a phase transition, but the nature of this transition is unknown. The fusion behavior of Ce is again unique in that it exhibits a minimum. 

McKubre, M., Tanzella, R, Tripodi, R and Hagelstein, P. (2000) The emergence of a coherent explanation for anomalies observed in D/Pd and H/Pd systems Evidence for He and production, in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion (ed. F. Scaramuzzi), Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy, pp. 3-10. 

Horseshoe kidney is the most common type of renal fusion and one of the most frequent renal anomalies. It is usually characterized hy fusion of the lower poles across the midline hy an isthmus lying anterior, seldom posterior, to the aorta and inferior vena cava (Dajani 1966). Occasionally the lower poles are connected only hy fibrous hands. The horseshoe kidney is usually positioned low in the abdomen with the isthmus lying just below the junction of the inferior mesenteric artery and aorta. The incidence varies from 1 in 400 (Glenn 1959) to 1 in 1,800 (Campbell 1970). The abnormality is more common in males. 

Horseshoe kidney is the most common type of renal fusion. Hydronephrosis, urolithiasis, and VUR are associated anomalies and effects. The risk of Wilms tumor is increased sevenfold. 

Crossed renal ectopia is the second most common fusion anomaly after horseshoe kidney, with an incidence of 1 in 7,000 autopsies (Abeshouse and Bhisitkul 1959). The crossed ectopic kidney lies on the opposite side from the ureteral insertion of the bladder. There are four varieties of renal crossed ectopia (Fig. 4.4) (McDonald and McClellan 1957 Abeshouse and Bhisitkul 1959). Crossed renal ectopia with fusion occurs in 85%,... 

Abeshouse BS, Bhisitkul I (1959) Crossed renal ectopia with and without fusion. Urol Int 9 63-91 Boatman DL, Kolln CP, Flocks RH (1972) Congenital anomalies associated with horseshoe kidney. J Urol 107 205-207 Buntley D (1976) Malignancy associated with horseshoe kidney. Urology 8 146-148 Campbell MF (1930) Renal ectopy. J Urol 24 187-198 Campbell MF (1970) Anomalies of the kidney. In Campbell MF, Harrison JH (eds) Urology, vol 2,3rd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1416-1486... 

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