Anion exchange membrane-based direct

Prakash GKS, Krause EC, Viva FA, Narayanan SR, Olah GA (2011) Study of operation conditions and cell design on the performance of alkaline anion exchange membrane based direct methanol fuel cells. J Power Sources 196 7967-7972... 

Anion Exchange Membrane-Based Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells (AEM-DEFCs)... 

Zeng QH, Liu QL, Broadwell I, Zhu AM, Xiong Y, Tu XP (2010) Anion exchange membranes based on quatemized polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene for direct methanol alkaline fuel cells. J Membr Sci 349 237-243... 

Hu J, Zhang C, Cong J, Toyoda H, Nagatsu M, Meng Y (2011) Plasma-grafted alkaline anion-exchange membranes based on polyvinyl chloride for potential application in direct methanol fuel cells. J Power Sources 196 4483 1490... 

Example 9.14 Nonisothermal facilitated transport An approximate analysis of facilitated transport based on the nonequilibrium thermodynamics approach is reported (Selegny et al., 1997) for the nonisothermal facilitated transport of boric acid by borate ions as carriers in anion exchange membranes within a reasonable range of chemical potential and temperature differences. A simple arrangement consists of a two-compartment system separated by a membrane. The compartments are maintained at different temperatures T] and T2, and the solutions in these compartments contain equal substrate concentrations. The resulting temperature gradient may induce the flow of the substrate besides the heat flow across the membrane. The direction of mass flow is controlled by the temperature gradient. 

The future for electrodialysis-based wastewater treatment processes appears bright. The dilute concentrations of metals in the waste streams do not degrade or foul the cation or anion exchange membranes. The concentrate streams are recirculated to build up their metal content to a level that is useful for further recovery or direct return to the process stream. Ongoing research in the development of cheaper cation exchange membranes, and stable anion exchange and bipolar membranes will allow electrodialysis-based applications to become more competitive with other treatments. 

Yang CC, Chiu SJ, Chien WC (2006) Development of alkaline direct methanol fuel cells based on crosslinked PVA polymer membranes. J Power Sources 162(l) 21-29 Varcoe JR, Slade RCT (2006) An electron-beam-grafted ETFE alkaline anion-exchange membrane in metal-cation-free solid-state alkaline fuel cells. Electrochem Commun... 

Zhang F, Zhang H, Ren J, Qu C (2010) PTFE based composite anion exchange membranes thermally induced in situ polymerization and direct hydrazine hydrate fuel cell application. J Mater Chem 20 8139-8146. doi 10.1039/c0jm0131 Ik... 

Anode Catalysts for Direct Polyol Fuel Cells (Ethylene Glycol, Glycerol) Cogenerate Electricity and Valuable Chemicals Based on Anion Exchange Membrane Platform... 

DMFCs and direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) are based on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM FC), where hydrogen is replaced by the alcohol, so that both the principles of the PEMFC and the direct alcohol fuel cell (DAFC), in which the alcohol reacts directly at the fuel cell anode without any reforming process, will be discussed in this chapter. Then, because of the low operating temperatures of these fuel cells working in an acidic environment (due to the protonic membrane), the activation of the alcohol oxidation by convenient catalysts (usually containing platinum) is still a severe problem, which will be discussed in the context of electrocatalysis. One way to overcome this problem is to use an alkaline membrane (conducting, e.g., by the hydroxyl anion, OH ), in which medium the kinetics of the electrochemical reactions involved are faster than in an acidic medium, and then to develop the solid alkaline membrane fuel cell (SAMFC). 

Yang CC (2012) Alkaline direct methanol fuel cell based on a novel anion-exchange polymer membrane. J Appl Electrochem 42 305-317... 

---