Animal models hyperlipidemia

Pharmacogenomic studies have been performed on a range of different cultured cells that participate in the formation of atherosclerotic lesion including ECs, SMCs, monocytes, and macrophages [144], as well as animal models [145], atherosclerotic lesion samples and blood-derived cells from patients with hyperlipidemia or coronary artery disease [144], Representative examples of such studies and their contribution towards improving atheroprotective treatments are presented in the following sections. 

Although the data are not conclusive, hyperlipidemia has been associated as a susceptibility factor for CKD in both animal and human studies. The use of lipid-lowering agents in some animal models has been found to decrease the extent of glomerular injury when both underlying renal disease and hyperlipidemia are present. Therefore the correction of lipid abnormalities in patients with CKD was proposed to have a beneficial effect on the rate of progression of the disease. CKD with or without nephrotic syndrome is frequently accompanied by abnormalities in fipoprotem metabolism. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia appears to increase as kidney function declines and with the presence of the nephrotic syndrome. ... 

Animal model studies suggest that a high fructose diet, mainly as part of sucrose or high-fructose com s)Tup (a key additive in processed foods, soft drinks and other beverages), has been associated with insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, as reviewed by Elliott et al. in 2002. However,... 

Increased level of reactive oxygen speeies (ROS) has been found to induce various physiologieal disorders. Among these health problems, cardiovascular diseases are linked to exeessive generation of ROS that cause oxidative stress. Elevated levels of vascular superoxide anion production have been foimd in animal models of hyperlipidemia [90,91], h5 ertension [92,93], and diabetes [94,95]. Furthermore, clinical studies have established that h ercholesterolemia and diabetes in... 

During recent years, great efforts have been made to control experimentally induced hyperlipidemia and atheromatosis in animals. Although much energy has been spent on these studies, they have limited application to man and are best regarded as model systems for pharmacological, nutritional and other investigations. 

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