Animal models blood product evaluation

Restoration of blood flow following cardiac arrest can lead to several chemical cascades and destructive enzymatic reactions that can result in cerebral injury. These reactions include free-radical production, excitatory amino acid release, and calcium shifts, leading to mitochondrial damage and apoptosis (programmed cell death). Hypothermia can protect from cerebral injury by suppressing these chemical reactions, thereby reducing the production of free radicals. Various animal models have demonstrated improved functional recovery and reduced cerebral deflcits with the induction of mild therapeutic hypothermia. Recently, there have been two clinical trials in humans evaluating this technique. ... 

In vitro and in vivo models have been studied to evaluate the healing efficacy of new bioactive molecules and biomaterials in full-thickness and chronic wound repair. In vitro models are laboratory products, known as skin-equivalents. They consist of a collagen gel containing fibroblasts, covered by a keratinocyte layer (Mertsching et al., 2008). Skin-equivalents allow a skin lesion to be simulated and active agent performance to be studied without the use of animal models. However, the absence of blood vessels or skin appendages limits their predictability (Zhang and Michniak-Kohn, 2012). 

Experimentally there are two important ways of detecting anti-tumour activities of Vinca alkaloids. One way deals with healthy animals. Products with potencies in cell growth inhibition may first suppress fast growing cells. For this purpose the cells of the circulatory system may serve as subject cells. In healthy mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, or other small animals, the normal blood cell count (red and white cells) is easily established. Any significant drop in the blood cell count after single or repeated doses of substances with possible anti-tumour activities can indicate that these substances are worth further study. The second step involves evaluation of these substances in experimental tumours. One of the most useful models is the P 1534 leukemia in DBA/2 mice, which has... 

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