Andersen cascade impactor

A further proof of principle was conducted by Cooney et al. who demonstrated the feasibility of the Andersen cascade impactor as a cell compatible deposition device [90], Permeability coefficients of fluorescent isothiocyanate-labeled dextrans after impaction as aerosols on Calu-3 cells were calculated. Deposition did not negatively affect the cell monolayer integrity. 

Tzou TZ. Aerodynamic particle size of metered-dose inhalers determined by the quartz crystal microbalance and the Andersen cascade impactor. Int J Phann 1999 186(1) 71—79. 

Myrdal PB, Stein SW, Mogalian E, Hoye W, and Gupta A. Comparison of the TSI Model 3306 Impactor Inlet with the Andersen Cascade Impactor Solution Metered Dose Inhalers. Drug Devel Ind Pharm 2004a 30(8) 859-868. 

Myrdal PB, Mogalian E, Mitchell J, et al. Application of heated inlet extensions to the TSI 3306/3321 system comparison with the Andersen cascade impactor and next generation impactor. J Aerosol Med 2006 19 543-554. 

Guo C, Gillespie SR, Kauffman J, et al. Comparison of delivery characteristics from a combination metered-dose inhaler using the Andersen cascade impactor and (he next generation pharmaceutical impactor. J Pharm Sci 2007 97(8) 3321-3334. 

Figure 7 (a) Inhalation measurement cell with Malvern Spraytec laser diffraction analyzer, combined with Andersen cascade impactor (76). (b) Time-history showing the mean particle size measured during the actuation of the Clickhaler containing the micronized (M-SX) and supercritically produced (S-SX) salme-terol powders in formulation with lactose and at the airflow rate 49 L/min. 

Nichols SC, Brown DR, Smurthwaite M. New concept for variable flow rate Andersen cascade impactor and calibration data. J Aerosol Med 1998 11(1) S133-S138. 

Analyses of such radioactive aerosols were performed by Yu et al. (1993) at Chin-Shan Nuclear Power Plant, NPP in Taiwan, comprising a 636-MWe boiling water reactor (BWR) that has been in operation since 1977. They used Andersen ambient cascade impactors (1 ACFM normal cascade impactors at an airflow rate of 28.3 1 min ) with a preseparator to discriminate large particles with an aerodynamic diameter greater than 10 pm. For the segregation of smaller size aerosol particles in the accumulation mode, they applied a low-pressure adaptor to the Andersen cascade impactor. At an airflow rate of 3 lmin the effective cutoff aerodynamic diameter of sampled aerosols by the low-pressure Andersen cascade impactor (LPI) was between 0.08 and 35 pm. Fission products including and " La and the ac-... 

The design concept of the Andersen cascade impactors (Andersen Samplers, Inc., 4214 Wendell Drive, Atlanta, GA 30336) evolved from the following facts ... 

Data from inertial impactors are normally presented as 50% effective cutoff diameters. For the Andersen cascade impactors containing round jets and flat collection surfaces, the 50% effective cutoff diameter would yield a value of 0.14 for the inertial impaction parameter K. The Cunningham slip correction factor is equal to... 

The stainless steel collecting plates of the Andersen cascade impactors are leached after the end of the aerosol sampling with a 2-ml solution of 1 M (molar) HNO3 in the case of and Pb. The leachate is rapidly evaporated on 5.08-cm (2-inch) diameter stainless steel plates using a hot plate, and the activity of the radioisotopes is measured by a-, and 3/-counting systems. Less than 30 to 40 min are needed to prepare the samples for counting after sampling is stopped. 

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