And spectroscopic analysis

Emission spectroscopy is the analysis, usually for elemental composition, of the spectmm emitted by a sample at high temperature, or that has been excited by an electric spark or laser. The direct detection and spectroscopic analysis of ambient thermal emission, usually ia the iafrared or microwave regioas, without active excitatioa, is oftea termed radiometry. la emission methods the sigaal iateasity is directiy proportioaal to the amouat of analyte present. 

Radiometry. Radiometry is the measurement of radiant electromagnetic energy (17,18,134), considered herein to be the direct detection and spectroscopic analysis of ambient thermal emission, as distinguished from techniques in which the sample is actively probed. At any temperature above absolute zero, some molecules are in thermally populated excited levels, and transitions from these to the ground state radiate energy at characteristic frequencies. Erom Wien s displacement law, T = 2898 //m-K, the emission maximum at 300 K is near 10 fim in the mid-ir. This radiation occurs at just the energies of molecular rovibrational transitions, so thermal emission carries much the same information as an ir absorption spectmm. Detection of the emissions of remote thermal sources is the ultimate passive and noninvasive technique, requiring not even an optical probe of the sampled volume. 

PAN, Z., DURST, F, WERCK-REICHHART, D., GARDNER, H.W., CAMARA, B., CORNISH, K., BACKHAUS, R. A., The major protein of guayule rubber particles is a cytochrome P450. Characterization based on cDNA cloning and spectroscopic analysis of the solubilized enzyme and its reaction products, J. Bio. Chem., 1995, 270, 8487-8494. 

General principles of spectroscopy and spectroscopic analysis 5.3.5 Sample handling... 

Pohl, E., Haller, J.C., Mijovilovich, A., Meyer-Klauke, W., Garman, E. and Vasil, M.L. (2003) Architecture of a protein central to iron homeostasis crystal structure and spectroscopic analysis of the ferric uptake regulator, Molec. Microbiol., 47, 903-915. 

Artificial Intelligence, Logic Programming, and Statistics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopic Analysis... 

Biocatalytk decarboxylation is a imique reaction, in the sense that it can be considered to be a protonation reaction to a carbanion equivalent intermediate in aqueous medimn. Thus, if optically active compoimds can be prepared via this type of reaction, it would be a very characteristic biotransformation, as compared to ordinary organic reactions. An enzyme isolated from a specific strain of Alcaligenes bronchisepticus catalyzes the asymmetric decarboxylation of a-aryl-a-methyhnalonic acid to give optically active a-arylpropionic acids. The effect of additives revealed that this enzyme requires no biotin, no co-enzyme A, and no ATP, as ordinary decarboxylases and transcarboxylases do. Studies on inhibitors of this enzyme and spectroscopic analysis made it clear that the Cys residue plays an essential role in the present reaction. The imique reaction mechanism based on these results and kinetic data in its support are presented. 

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