Analyte limit of detection

Compound Water Sludge3 Analytical limit of detection (hg g1 sample)... 

Macadamia nuts, guava, refined sugar, and molasses are the only raw agricultural commodities treated with atrazine that are consumed as foods. There are no known residue concentrations of atrazine or its chloro-metabolites above their analytical limits of detection (LODs) in any of these four foods. In evaluating Equation (31.2), the residue concentration in each of these four foods is assumed to be equally likely to be any value between zero and its LOD (i.e., uniformly distributed between zero and the LOD). 

Method Analyte Limit of detection Analysis time Reference... 

There may be occasions when a standard is set at a concentration below current analytical limits of detection (LODs) or limits of quantification (LOQs). This could be because high uncertainty leads to the application of large assessment factors to toxicity data to derive a standard or because analytical techniques for a particular environmental matrix have higher LODs/LOQs than those available for the medium in which the standard was derived (e.g., sewage effluent versus laboratory water). An inability to measure concentrations of a chemical at the standard does not necessarily render the standard totally useless. For example, a water quality standard set in a receiving watercourse may be below the LOD/LOQ, but measurement of concentrations from an effluent may be above these limits. Appropriate modeling may allow good estimation of whether the standard in the watercourse has been exceeded. 

Fig. 8 Enhanced receptor effect on analyte binding affinity. Upon chelation, the electronegative ancillary ligand causes a polarization of the Ln + ion, inducing an increased positive charge at the binding site. This anisotropy results in an increased binding affinity for the anionic analyte. Limit of detection (LOD) values shown are for the Tb/D02A/ dipicolinate system.

Additional information on quality of laboratory EEA ETC/WTR data quality index value 1 to 12 Data screening Limit of Detection or Determination Flag (flag to indicate sample below analytical limit of detection or determination, in format <) SOE... 

The increased PL results in an improved S/N ratio in oxygen monitoring, without any deterioration or change in the response time or the long-term stability of the sensor films (the particles affect t, independently of their concentration) [70]. The improved S/N can improve the analyte limit of detection (LOD), allow shortened data acquisition times, and enable the use of low-intensity excitation sources to minimize potential dye photobleaching. 

End-column detection is done by coupling the outlet of the capillary to an external detection cell. The properties of this detection cell (path length, material, etc.) can be tailored to allow for high sensitivity and low analyte limits of detection. The careful selection of coupling and transfer fluidics, such as zero dead-volume unions, ensures that the high resolution afforded by CE is maintained within the end-column detector. 

From the concentration data available, three indicator types (seafood, seaweed, and sediment) were chosen to investigate radionuclide trends around the coastline of Northern Ireland. Some measurements of radionuclide concentrations previously reported in RIFE were at or below the analytical limits of detection. Therefore (where possible), inclusion of radionuclides and species and comments on the data collated here have focused on using positively detected values for which most data are available. Further description of the 3 indicator types are given in Table 1, together with a list of the determinand radionuclides for which data have been analysed and annually reported over the last two decades. The locations of the selected sampling sites are shown in Figure 2. 

Americium-241 concentrations were at or below the analytical limits of detection in seafood and seaweed samples... 

To impart improvements in the voltammetric response, different electrode materials (and sizes to induce improvements in mass transport) can be used and traditionally mercury film and drop electrodes were utilised. Additionally, the use DPV and SWV can also provide benefits to reduce analytical limits of detection and improve sensitivities. However, due to the toxicity of mercury, considerable efforts have been devoted to the investigation of alternate electrode materials. Non-mercury electrodes, such as gold, carbon or iridium, have been explored but the overall performance of these alternatives has not approached that of mercury [22]. A verified alternative is the use of bismuth film electrodes (on various carbon... 

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