Analysis of Oils

An obvious outlet for solvatochromism is the measurement of the concentrations of small amounts of polar molecules in non-polar environments, e.g. methanol in naphtha. Fuel oil is obviously a key market, as the various fractions are often marked  

Solvent Heptane Pyridine DMF Acetic acid Methanol Water 

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In the analysis of oils and fats, where the quantity of fatty acid is the chief object of the deteiminalion, it is customary ttj hydrolyse the substance with a standard solution of aLoholic potash in place of aqueous potash, and to estimate the excess... 

The capital cost of spectrographic analysis instrumentation is normally too high to justify in-plant testing. Typical cost for a microprocessor-based spectrographic system is between 30,000 and 60,000. Because of this, most predictive maintenance programs rely on third party analysis of oil samples. 

Lewkowitsch, J. (1922), Chemical Technology and Analysis of Oils, Fats, and Waxes, Macmillan, London. 

K. Kimpe, P.A. Jacobs, M. Waelkens, Analysis of oil used in late Roman oil lamps with different mass spectrometric techniques revealed the presence of predominantly olive oil together with traces of animal fat, Journal of Chromatography A, 937, 87 95 (2001). 

Cretney WJ, Johnson WK, Wong CS (1977) Trace analysis of oil in sea water by fluorescence spectroscopy. Unpublished manuscript. Pacific Mar Sci Report, pp 77-75... 

The consumption of nonrenewable materials tends to exhibit a classic relationship, which was first demonstrated by M. King Hubbert in an analysis of oil production from the 48 contiguous states of the USA. The shape of this Hubbert curve is similar to, although not identical with, a normal distribution (Figure 1.1). With some variation, this pattern of production/consumption is exhibited for all nonrenewables. The finite life span of nonrenewable reserves has been commented upon by many workers in the area. 

Multivariate Analysts of Electron Microprobe-Energy Dispersive X-ray Chemical Element Spectra for Quantitative Mineralogical Analysis of Oil Shales... 

Table I. Qualitative Mineralogical Analysis of Oil Shale by X-Ray Diffraction...

ORGANIC ANALYSIS OF OIL-FIRED BOILER EFFLUENT. BY PERCENT WT, IN EACH OF THE LEVEL I FRACTIONS. 

Flame atomic absorption spectrometry can be used to determine trace levels of analyte in a wide range of sample types, with the proviso that the sample is first brought into solution. The methods described in Section 1.6 are all applicable to FAAS. Chemical interferences and ionization suppression cause the greatest problems, and steps must be taken to reduce these (e.g. the analysis of sea-water, refractory geological samples or metals). The analysis of oils and organic solvents is relatively easy since these samples actually provide fuel for the flame however, build-up of carbon in the burner slot must be avoided. Most biological samples can be analysed with ease provided that an appropriate digestion method is used which avoids analyte losses. 

IUPAC, Standard Methods for the Analysis of Oil, Fats and Derivatives, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 1987. 

IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry). 1987a. Method 2.501. Determination of the peroxide value (P.V.). In Standard Methods for the Analysis of Oils, Fats and Derivatives, 7th ed. (C. Paquot and A. Hautfenne, eds.) pp. 199-200. Blackwell Scientific, Palo Alto, Calif. 

For applications directed at the analysis of oils and fats, PS-DVB copolymers are often selected. The selected porosities for separations in the range 1,000-20,000 MW are 50, 100, and 500 A, and 5-10 yumparticle sizes are common. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is the most popular solvent. 

Analysis of Oil Shale. A typical analysis of the oil shale used in the tests reported here is given in Table II. 

Wood, R. E., Ritzma, H. R., Analysis of Oil Extracted from Oil-Impreg-... 

In some special cases, such as the analysis of oil of lemon and the like, the fractional distillation is carried out in a flask with a three-bulb head [see Fig. 63). 

The elemental analysis of oil sand bitumen (extra heavy oil) has also been widely reported (Speight, 1990), but the data suffer from the disadvantage that identification of the source is too general (i.e., Athabasca bitumen which covers several deposits) and is often not site specific. In addition, the analysis is quoted for separated bitumen, which may have been obtained by any one of several procedures and may therefore not be representative of the total bitumen on the sand. However, recent efforts have focused on a program to produce sound, reproducible data from samples for which the origin is carefully identified (Wallace et al., 1988). It is to be hoped that this program continues as it will provide a valuable database for tar sand and bitumen characterization. 

Benyon, L.R. Methods for the Analysis of Oil and Water in Soil. The Hague, Striching... 

Physical analysis of oil sands." Bull. Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol., 14 1337-1349. 

Christie, W.W. (1986) The positional distribution of fatty acids in triglycerides. Analysis of Oils and Fats (eds. R.J. Hamilton and J.B. Rossell), Elsevier Applied Science, Essex, pp. 313-339. 

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