Analysis general provisions

Consistent Data-Recording Procedures. Clear procedures for recording all pertinent data from the experiment must be developed and documented, and unambiguous data recording forms estabUshed. These should include provisions not only for recording the values of the measured responses and the desired experimental conditions, but also the conditions that resulted, if these differ from those plaimed. It is generally preferable to use the values of the actual conditions in the statistical analysis of the experimental results. For example, if a test was supposed to have been conducted at 150°C but was mn at 148.3°C, the actual temperature would be used in the analysis. In experimentation with industrial processes, process equiUbrium should be reached before the responses are measured. This is particularly important when complex chemical reactions are involved. 

Well-to-wheel analysis is a specific form of life-cycle analysis (LCA). In contrast to WTW analysis, LCA typically also takes factors other than global GHG emissions of a product or an energy carrier into consideration (such as air pollutants), including provision of all construction materials for the necessary processing plants and, furthermore, plant decommissioning. The full detail of a general LCA analysis is not needed at the level of policy discussion to reach a broad consensus on alternative fuels or drive systems. As a subset of WTW analysis, well-to-tank (WTT) analysis is often used to separate environmental or economic effects of fuel supplies and drive systems. 

There certainly is a need from time to time to revise provisions in established Codex standards. In order to take into account the development in general knowledge or changes in evaluation of problems related to food safety, to food production technology and to methods of analysis and sampling, there are procedures for how such revisions are done. When a standard established by a Commodity Committee, which has been adjourned sine die, is to be revised, the Codex Secretariat in co-operation with the national secretariat of the adjourned Committee will look after the revision. 

The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) provides sampling and analysis as a tool for verification. General procedures to use sampling and analysis are outlined under the general rules of verification in the Verification Annex (VA) Part II paragraph 52-58, special provisions concerning different types of inspections are given in various parts of the VA. 

Without a regulatory driver to reduce cost considerations and impose minimum quality requirements, the situation with respect to contaminated land analysis is unlikely to change quickly. In addition, without contractors and consultants clearly specifying exactly what analyses are required for their particular needs and circumstances, the widespread provision of quality analytical services will be delayed for a considerable time. As contract analysis is, generally,... 

It will thus be impossible to reconcile the traditional view of chemistry, usually portrayed as a series of chemical changes represented as chemical equations, with a narrative view of the subject that would seek to portray the hves and achievements of individuals within the times and contexts of events. Even the textbook chemical equations would have to be represented as the culmination of many failed and partially successful efforts at analysis and synthesis. Yet the effort to move on from the traditional view would be worthwhile, for chemistry would then, more faithfully, be portrayed as a human endeavour set within temporal and social circumstances. This portrayal would, we argue, enable the subject to be seen as set within the general warp and weft of human creativity. We will show that the notions of situation, context, and narrative are currently often poorly represented in opportunities for chemical education (see also Chapter 5). To do this, and then to see what might be done to increase their contribution to future provision, we look at the various ways in which opportunities for informal chemical education is provided, starting with books. 

On occasion one encounters a situation where information is simply not known and no practicable assumptions can be made. In this case we may have an opportunity to undertake a part-assessment perhaps until a time when the information becomes unavailable. This is a perfectly reasonable approach so long as this limitation is formally documented as a constraint on the analysis and the project generally. It may even be appropriate to document which areas of the analysis have potential to change once more information does become available. Clearly it is important to monitor the provision of the information on which the safety case is dependent and build this into the project plan. If one believes that the information may not be available or forthcoming then this should represent a risk to the project and be documented and escalated accordingly. 

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