Analgesic action anesthetic activities

Extracts of A. carmichaelUhave shown cardiotonic activity, including inotropic and chronotropic activities, leading to hypotension and/or hypertension. Analgesic and anesthetic activities have been reported. Hyoscine potentiates the action of aconitine. Aconitine and related compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in experimental animals. lateral rootlets of A. carmichaelii (considered a separate drug in Chinese tradition), has been shown to raise the heart rate in sinus arrhjdhmia patients. ... 

Pharmacology These agents depress the sensory cortex, decrease motor activity, alter cerebellar function, and produce drowsiness, sedation, and hypnosis. Barbiturates have little analgesic action at subanesthetic doses and may increase the reaction to painful stimuli. All barbiturates exhibit anticonvulsant activity in anesthetic doses. However, only phenobarbital and mephobarbital are effective as oral anticonvulsants in subhypnotic doses. 

Drugs and chemicals are known to cause activated interaction. The depressant action of opioid drugs is enhanced by drugs acting on the central nervous system (CNS) such as alcohol, anesthetics, anxiolytics, hypnotics, tricyclic antidepressants, and antipsychotics. Concomitant administration of opioid analgesics and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) should be avoided, or extra care should be taken if such a therapy is inevitable. Fatal reactions are reported when treated along with selegiline. Interactions also are reported with cyclizine, cimetidine, mexiletine, cisapride, metoclopramide, or domperidone. 

CNS effects Inhaled anesthetics decrease brain metabolic rate. They reduce vascular resistance and thus increase cerebral blood flow. This may lead to an increase in intracranial pressure. High concentrations of enflurane may cause spike-and-wave activity and muscle twitching, but this effect is unique to this drug. Though nitrous oxide has low anesthetic potency (ie. a high MAC), it exerts marked analgesic and amnestic actions. 

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