Nitrate utilization

Numerous theories exist as to how the Chilean deposits formed and survived. It has been postulated that the unique nitrate-rich caUche deposits of northern Chile owe their existence to an environment favorable to accumulation and preservation of the deposits, rather than to any unusual source of the saline materials (2). The essential conditions are an extremely arid climate similar to that of the Atacama desert in the 1990s, slow accumulation during the late Tertiary and Quaternary periods, and a paucity of nitrate-utilizing plants and soil microorganisms. 

Altabet, M.A., and R. Francois. 1994. Sedimentary nitrogen isotopic ratio as a recorder for surface ocean nitrate utilization. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 8(1) 103-116. 

Mateo, P., E. Martinez, 1. Bonilla, E.E Valiente, and E.S. Maeso. 1987. Effects of high boron concentrations on nitrate utilization and photosynthesis in blue-green afga Anabaena PCC 7119 andAnacystis nidulans. Jour. Plant Physiol. 128 161-168. 

Method 1 Preparation of 70% nitric acid from potassium or sodium nitrate utilizing sulfuric... 

Wu, J. P., Calvert, S. E., and Wong, C. S. (1997). Nitrogen isotope variations in the subarctic northeast Pacific Relationships to nitrate utilization and trophic structure. Deep Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 44(2), 287-314. 

Raimbault, P., Slawyk, G., and Garcia, N. (2000). Comparison between chemical and isotopic measurements of biological nitrate utilization Further evidence of low new-production levels in the equatorial Pacific. Mar. Biol. 136, 1147-1155. 

Serra, J. L., Llama, M. J., and Cadenas, E. (1978). Nitrate utilization by the diatom Skeletonema costatum. I. Kinetics of nitrate uptake. Plant Physiol. 62, 987-990. 

Varela, D. E., and Harrison, P. J. (1999a). Effect of ammonium on nitrate utilization by Emiliania huxleyi, a coccohthophore from the oceanic northeastern Pacific. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 186, 61—1 A. 

Cochlan, W. P., Bronk, D. A. (2003). Effects of ammonium on nitrate utilization in the Ross Sea Implications forj ratio estimates. In Biogeochemistry of the Ross Sea (DiTuUio, G. R., and Dunbar, R. B., eds.). American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. AGU Antarctic Research Senes. 78,159-178. 

Altabet, M. A., and Francois, R. (1994). Sedimentary nitrogen isotopic ratio records surface ocean nitrate utilization. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 8, 103—116. 

Slawyk, G., Raimbault, P., and Gentilhomme, V. (1990a). On the discrepancies between a colorimetric and isotopic method for measuring nitrate utilization in nutrient-depleted waters— Implications for the design of experimental protocols in new production studies. Hydrohiologia 207, 333-339. 

The isotopic composition of silicon in diatom opal has been investigated as a proxy for the degree of silicate utilization by diatoms, based on the fact that diatoms fractionate the silicon isotopes ( °Si and Si) during uptake (De La Rocha et al., 1997, 1998). This application is analogous to the use of nitrogen isotopes to study nitrate utilization, but with important differences. On the one hand, the upper ocean cycle is arguably simpler for silica than bio-available nitrogen, which bodes well for the silicon isotope system. 

Some sensitive spectrophotometric methods for determining nitrate utilize extractable ion-associates of the nitrate ion with the basic dyes Crystal Violet (chlorobenzene, pH 6) [97], Nile Blue A [98], and Methylene Blue (1,2-dichloroethane) [99]. Nitrogen has been determined also by the FIA technique with the use of Malachite Green [ 100]. 

However, Bradley et al. reported a rapid minerahzation of MTBE labelled with [ C] in denitrifying surface water [35]. At the UEZ test site in Leuna (Germany), nitrate has also been tested for its suitability in ENA and there is some evidence for nitrate utilization [17]. However, these studies are continuing and conclusive results are not yet available. 

See also Nitrogen Fixation, Nitrate Utilization, Urea Cycle... 

See also The Nitrogen Cycle, Nitrate Utilization, Standard Reduction Potential (from Chapter 15), Ferredoxin... 

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