Sediments anaerobic biodegradation

Chen, M., C.S. Hong, B. Bush, and G.Y. Rhee. 1988. Anaerobic biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by bacteria from Hudson River sediments. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 16 95-105. 

Rhee, G.-Y., B. Bush, M.P. Brown, M. Kane, and L. Shane. 1989. Anaerobic biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls in Hudson River sediments and dredged sediments in clay encapsulation. Water Res. 23 957-964. 

Surfactants such as LAS and NPEO have been found in compartments with low oxygen content, such as anaerobic sludge digesters or anaerobic continental and marine sediments [14,15,18-25]. One of the possible causes of this persistence is the inhibition of the anaerobic digestion [17,26,27]. Battersby and Wilson [27] observed inhibitory effects of NP at 50 mg CL-1 on methane formation in a survey of the anaerobic biodegradation potential of organic chemicals in digesting... 

Mirex is a very persistent compound in the environment and is highly resistant to both chemical and biological degradation. The primary process for the degradation of mirex is photolysis in water or on soil surfaces photomirex is the major transformation product of photolysis. In soil or sediments, anaerobic biodegradation is also a major removal mechanism whereby mirex is slowly dechlorinated to the 10-monohydro derivative. Aerobic biodegradation on soil is a very slow and minor degradation process. Twelve years after the application of mirex to soil, 50% of the mirex and mirex-related compounds remained on the soil. Between 65--73% of the residues recovered were mirex and 3-6% were chlordecone, a transformation product (Carlson et al. 1976). 

There are two noncolumn cleanup methods, one of which uses acid partition (EPA SW-846 3650) to separate the base/neutral and acid components by adjusting pH. This method is often used before alumina column cleanup to remove acid components. The other method (EPA SW-846 3660) is used for sulfur removal and uses copper, mercury, and tetrabutylammonium sulfite as desulfurization compounds. Sulfur is a common interfering compound for petroleum hydrocarbon analysis, particularly for sediments. Sulfur-containing compounds are very common in crude oil and heavy fuel oil. Elemental sulfur is often present in anaerobically biodegraded fuels. Thus, abnormally high levels of sulfur may be... 

Elshahed et al. (2001) investigated the pathways of anaerobic biodegradation of alkylbenzenes by sediment-associated microorganisms from a gas-condensate-impacted aquifer under laboratory conditions. Stoichiometric amounts of sulfate were consumed and methane produced. Two intermediate compounds identified via GC/MS were 3-phenyl-l,2-butanedicarboxylic acid and benzoic acid. Both metabolites identified in the laboratory incubations were also identified in the contaminated aquifer from which the microorganisms were obtained. 

Berger, B.M. and Wolfe, N. L. Hydrolysis and biodegradation of sulfonylurea herbicides in aqueous buffers and anaerobic water-sediment systems assessing fate pathways using molecular descriptors, Anwrort. Toxicol. Chem., 15(9) 1500-1507,1996. 

Kohring, G.-W., Rogers, J.E., and Wiegel, J. Anaerobic biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in freshwater lake sediments at different temperatures, Appl Environ. Microbiol., 55(2) 348-353, 1989. 

Groundwater estimated t,/2 = 1.0 d in Rhine River in case of a first order reduction process (Zoeteman et al. 1980) t/2 = 48- 9456 h, based on estimated unacclimated aqueous anaerobic biodegradation half-life for 2,4-dinitrotoluene and estimated unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life (Howard et al. 1991). Sediment ... 

Sediment anaerobic biodegradation ty, = 9.1 h in 10% freshwater sediment, and V, = 13.6 d in 10% salt marsh sediment (Peterson Staples 2003)... 

Benner R., Maccubbin A. E., and Hodson R. E. (1984) Anaerobic biodegradation of the lignin and polysaccharide components of lignocellulose and synthetic lignin by sediment microfiora. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47, 998-1004. 

Johnston J. J., Borden R. C., and Barlaz M. A. (1996) Anaerobic biodegradation of alkylbenzene and trichloroety-lene in aquifer sediment downgradient of a sanitary landfill. J. Contamin. Hydrol. 23, 263-283. 

Berger, B.M. and Wolfe, N.L. (1996). Hydrolysis and Biodegradation of Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Aqueous Buffers and Anaerobic Water-Sediment Systems. Assessing Fate Pathways Using Molecular Descriptors. Environ.Toxicol.Chem., 15,1500-1507. 

Therefore, both compounds may persist longer in deeper soils and sediments. By direct analogy to estimates of aqueous biodegradation rates (Howard et al. 1991), the rate of anaerobic biodegradation of 2-butoxyethanol in soil may be on the order of 4 times slower than aerobic biodegradation (half-life estimates range from 4 to 16 weeks). 

---