Amyl heptylate

Amyl Heptylate.—This ester is one of the newest synthetic odours, and is also one of the very expensive ones. It has the formula CH3(CH2)r,COOCjHjj, and is an oil of powerful fruity odour. It can be identified by saponifying it and examining the resulting fatty acid, which should melt at — 10° and boil at 223°. 

Benzyl salicylate Geranyl anthranilate Amyl heptyl acetaldehyde Amyl methyl ketone M ethylacetophenone Benzylacetone Anisyl formate... 

Synonyms n-Amyl heptanoate Amyl heptoatel Amyl heptylate Pentyl heptanoate... 

Fig. Ill-IS. Surface tension data for aqueous alcohol illustration of the use of the Gibbs equation. (1) -butyl (2) -amyl (3) -hexyl (4) -heptyl (5) -octyl. (Data from Ref. 126).

Pyrolytic Decomposition. The pyrolytic decomposition at 350—460°C of castor oil or the methyl ester of ricinoleic acid spHts the ricinoleate molecule at the hydroxyl group forming heptaldehyde and undecylenic acids. Heptaldehyde, used in the manufacture of synthetic flavors and fragrances (see Elavors and spices Perfumes) may also be converted to heptanoic acid by various oxidation techniques and to heptyl alcohol by catalytic hydrogenation. When heptaldehyde reacts with benzaldehyde, amyl cinnamic aldehyde is produced (see Cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, and cinnamyl... 

Heptyl alcohol has been prepared by the reduction of heptaldehyde with zinc dust and acetic acid,i with sodium amalgam and acetic acid, with sodium in toluene and acetic acid, and with hydrogen and a platinum catalyst. Heptaldehyde has also been reduced biochemically by adding it to a fermenting sugar solution. Heptyl alcohol has been prepared by the reduction of heptoamide with sodium and amyl alcohol. ... 

One of the heptyl alcohols, methyl-amyl carbinol, of the formula... 

Of these phenyl-amyl alcohol has a pleasant, but somewhat evanescent lemon-like odour phenyl-hexyl alcohol has a very similar odour to this and phenyl-heptyl alcohol has a slight, but extremely agreeable odour [Pg.129]

In aliphatic compounds the normal compound has usually the highest b.p.7 Menschutkin considered that, with alcohols, it is not the primary, secondary, or tertiary character that determines the b.p. (primary > secondary >tertiary), but the position of the side-chain relative to hydroxyl. With alcohols, alkyl halides, amines, carboxylic acids, and esters, the b.p. is lower the nearer the side chain is to the substituent. This holds especially for higher homologues, e.g. amyl, hexyl, and heptyl alcohols and derivatives. 

Lithium iso -amyl, LiCgH, reacts with triethyl-n-butylammonium bromide to give diethyl-n-butylamine and lithium n-heptyl, with tetra-n-butylammonium iodide to form tri-n-butylamine, a trace of a hydrocarbon and possibly n-heptane. 

Ethyl amyl ketone Ethyl butyrate Ethyl cinnamate Ethyl heptanoate Ethyl heptylate Ethyl lactate... 

The other naturally-occurring penicilhns differ only in that other groups are substituted for the benzyl radical. These include the p-hydr-oxy-, benzyl-, n-amyl-, zl -pentenyl-, and n-heptyl-groups. 

Methyl mercaptan Ethyl mercaptan Propyl mercaptan wo-Propyl mercaptan Butyl mercaptan. wo-Butyl mercaptan j c-Butyl mercaptan ferf-Butyl mercaptan Amyl mercaptan 5 ec-Amyl mercaptan wo-Amyl mercaptan ten-Amy mercaptan n-Hexyl mercaptan n-Heptyl mercaptan n-Octyl mercaptan 5 oc-Octyl mercaptan n-Nonyl mercaptan forf-Nonyl mercaptan n-Decyl mercaptan Undecyl mercaptan n-Dodecyl mercaptan ten-DodocyX mercaptan fn-wo-Butyl mercaptan Phenyl mercaptan Benzyl mercaptan li-Limonene mercaptan Perchloromethyl mercaptan 3-Methyl- 1-butanethiol 2-Mercaptoethanol... 

Alkyl Formate Production. In the past few years, formate esters have become an important class of organic compounds mainly because of their versatility as chemical feedstock (16,36-42), and as raw materials for the perfume and fragrance industry (43-46). Specifically, formate esters (methyl, ethyl, pentyl, etc.) have been used as starting material for the production of aldehydes (36), ketones ( ), carboxylic acids (37-40), and amides ( ). For example, methyl formate can be hydrolyzed to formic acid (39,40) or catalytically isomerized to acetic acid ( ). On the other hand, alkyl formates have been employed in the perfume and fragrance industry in amounts of approximately 1000 to 3000 Ib/year (43—46). Among the formates that have been commonly used for these purposes are octyl ( ), heptyl ( ), ethyl ( ), and amyl ( ) formates. 

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