Ampoules, handling

Butyryi chloride (butanoyl chloride) [141-75-3] M 106.6, f -89°, b 101-102°/atm, 1.026, Hp 1.412. Check IR to see if there is a significant peak at 3000-3500 cm (br) for OH. If OH is present then reflux with less than one mol equiv of SOCI2 for Ih and distil directly. The fraction boiling between 85-100° is then refractionated at atm pressure. Keep all apparatus free from moisture and store the product in sealed glass ampoules under N2. LACHRYMATORY - handle in a good fume hood. [Org Synth Coll Vol I 147 794/.]... 

The packaging must physically protect the product from the mechanical stresses of warehousing, handling and distribution. Mechanical stress may take a variety of forms, from impact through to vibration in transit and compression forces on stacking. The demands for mechanical protection will vary with product type glass ampoules will require greater protection than plastic eye drop bottles, for example. 

This is supplied as the solid in sealed ampoules or as a solution in water or 2-methylpropan-2-ol (t-butyl alcohol). It must be handled in a fume cupboard. It is extremely irritating and toxic and constitutes a severe eye injury hazard. The solution in t-butyl alcohol (Expt 5.47) must be prepared and dispensed in an efficient fume cupboard, with the added protection of gloves and goggles. This solution is reasonably stable (e.g. the decomposition after one month is about 20%), provided that no 2-methylprop-l-ene arising from the t-butyl alcohol is present as an impurity. Formation of black coloidal osmium, which can catalyse the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, for example in the hydroxylation of alkenes, is rapid. 

At the same time, on a purely engineering basis, extensive work was conducted in all major developed countries to design and build large-scale reliable Ifeeze-drying plants that were able to handle batches of several tens—sometimes hundreds-of thousands of vials or ampoules in well-controlled sterile conditions. In parallel, an important amount of basic research was conducted in several laboratories to understand and monitor the Ifeeze-drying process. Our own work in the field started in 1954 and has been pursued ever since. 

Contamination occurs from spilt drugs and carelessly handled syringes (there should be a swab on the tip of the needle when expelling air) even opening an ampoule can create an aerosol. Used ampoules, syringes and absorbent swabs constitute a hazard, as may body wastes of treated patients. 

Solutions are generally supplied in sealed ampoules. However, solutions with high activity concentrations are supplied in capped vials, in order to allow easy handling. 

Preparation of the copolymer and the homopolymer Polymerizations were run under vacuum in ampoules fitted with high vacuum Teflon stopcocks. Table I lists the amounts of initiators, monomer and solvent, (o-dlchlorobenzene). Solvent and monomer were distilled under reduced pressure into the ampoule containing initiator. After degassing, the ampoules were heated at temperatures and times given in Table I. The ampoules were removed and samples were taken for G3 C. Polymers were Isolated by precipitation into mixed hexanes (boiling range 38 -55 C) dried at 50 C. Yields were quantitative except for small handling losses. 2.45 of the product from run 1 was stirred twice with 10 ml. of acetone and the undlssolved polymer was separated from the supernatant by decantation. The polymer was dried under vacuum (< 1mm Hg) at 60 C. Yield 2.15 g. 

Indeed, many of the substances that members of our group routinely handle appear to be more efficient in removing oxygen or moisture from an "inert" atmosphere than the purification train of our glove box. For this reason, materials to be submitted for elemental analysis are handled with particular care. After the samples are placed in ampoules, which are sealed to a modified Schlenk tube, the ampoules are evacuated and refilled three or four times with inert gas supplied from our vacuum line. They are then sealed off, inspected after a day with a hand lens or microscope for sample deterioration and sent out for analysis if everything looks satisfactory. Also, in so far as possible, samples submitted for analysis are handled only in solvent free glove boxes. 

Samples were handled on a mercury-free vacuum system and were degassed to better than 10"5 torr except as noted. Photolyses were carried out in quartz vessels with an unfiltered General Electric AH6 mercury arc. Radiolyses were performed in °Co sources at dose rates of 6 and 12 X 10 rads/hr. (Fricke dosimeter) in borosilicate ampoules. Small samples of DB ( 30 /Jiters) were irradiated in thin-walled NMR tubes. 

Special environmental standards may not be necessary for areas used for the initial preparation of such packaging components as ampoules, vials, bottles, closures, and droppers, but appropriate care should be taken throughout to ensure that they are clean (and, as necessary, sterile) and do not endanger the microbial or particulate quality of the product Following the final cleaning process they should be handled in such an environment and manner as will prevent recontamination. 

Military and university research laboratories being investigated as chemical agent sites should be considered as possible sites for these natural poisons. Some natural poisons such as ricin could be found in large quantities. In research facilities or landfills, toxins may also exist in deceptively small vials or ampoules, thus such discoveries should be handled with extreme care. The PINS technology has not been refined to accommodate natural toxins. 

The emfs of cells (2) were measured at a constant temperature for seven different compositions. The standard electrode was prepared by grinding powders of aluminum, antimony, and the CaAlF5-CaF2 salt mixture, followed by compacting. In all the esperiments, there was a 20 at.% excess of antimony with respect to the stoichiometric composition, AlSb. The compacted pellet was then annealed for 10 h at 800°C in an evacuated and sealed quartz ampoule. The electrode melt was prepared by compacting the previously obtained AlSb-GaSb alloy with the salt mixture. Alloys enriched with AlSb were handled in a dry cell. Samples of the... 

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