Amphetamines designe

Christophersen AS. Amphetamine design drugs an overview and epidemiology. Toxicol Lett 2000 15 112-11 3, 127-1 31. 

With the exception of the amphetamines, designer drugs are as yet rather rarely used, as discussed in Chapter 2. Samples are very seldom submitted to laboratories for analysis for these substances. This is especially true for the derivatives of fentanyl. Because of the very low doses taken, the dealkylated metabolites can only be determined by GC/MS. Figure 8-9 shows the chromatogram of an analytical sample taken from a patient who had received fentanyl in therapeutic doses. 

Adverse reactions to chewing khat, both psychiatric and cardiovascular in humans [37 ] and toxicological evaluation of chronic khat exposure in animals [38 ], have been reported. The metabolites of beta-keto-amphetamine designer drugs (mephedrone, butylone, and methylone) have been identified [39 40 ] the medicolegal implications are yet to be established. 

Differences in experimental design or in numbers of animals and doses tested may account for this discrepancy. In our experiments, symmetrical transfer did not occur between MDMA and amphetamine. 

Self-Injection in Baboons of Amphetamines and Reiated Designer Drugs... 

Recent controversy about the recreational abuse and potential therapeutic use of designer drugs has focused attention on MDA (methylenedioxyampheta-mine HCl) and structurally related phenylisopropylamine compounds, including MDMA istructural analogs of the psychomotor stimulant amphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline, and produce stimulant and/or hallucinogenic effects (Shulgin 1978). 

Role of Dopamine in the Neurotoxicity Induced by Amphetamines and Related Designer Drugs... 

Maurer, H.H., Bickeboeller-Friedrich, J., Kraemer, T., and Peters, F.T., Toxicokinetics and analytical toxicology of amphetamine-derived designer drugs ( Ecstasy ), Toxicol. Lett. March 15, 112-113, 133-142, 2000. 

Musshoff, F., Lachenmeier, D.W., Kroener, L. and Madea, B. (2002) Automated headspace solid-phase dynamic extraction for the determination of amphetamines and synthetic designer drugs in hair samples. J. Chromatogr. A 958, 231-238. 

Mancinelli R, Gentili S, Guiducci M, Macchia T. 1999. Simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography fluorimetric procedure for the determination of amphetamine-derived designer drugs. J Ghromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 735(2) 243-253. 

Boatto, G., Nieddu, M., Carta, A., Pau, A., Palomba, M., Asproni, B., and Cerri, R. (2005). Determination of amphetamine-derived designer drugs in human urine by SPE extraction and capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry detection.. Chromatogr. B 814, 93—98. 

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