Ampere Black

The electrodes are platinised by immersion in a 3% platinum chloride solution containing 002-0-03 % of lead acetate and passage of a continuous current of d 2-<5 3 amperes, the poles of the current being frequently inverted. Electrodes thus platinised should be velvety-black. 

Both the lithium sulfur dioxide (Li-SO and lithium thionyl chloride (Li-SOCy cells may be classified as liquid cathode systems. In these systems, S02 and SOCl2 function as solvents for the electrolyte, and as the active materials at the cathode to provide voltage and ampere capacity. As liquids, these solvents permeate the porous carbon cathode material. Lithium metal serves as the anode, and a polymer-bonded porous carbon is the cathode current collector in both systems. Both cells use a Teflon-bonded acetylene black cathode structure with metallic lithium as the anode. The Li-S02 is used in a spirally wound, jelly-roll construction to increase the surface area and improve... 

For the preparation of rhodium black of permanent catalytic activity the presence of sulphur compounds appears to be necessary.3 Convenient methods of obtaining such consist in reducing rhodium sesquisulphide with formic acid and by electrolytic deposition of rhodium black from a solution of rhodium in 60 per cent, sulphuric acid by a current of 0-02 ampere at 180° C . 

Colloidal iridium may also be prepared by Bredig s method, which consists in sparking between iridium electrodes immersed in ice-cooled water. A current of 20 to 25 amperes at 220 volts gives satisfactory results.2 The colour of the hydrosol ranges from red to black, according to the method of preparation. A small current favours the formation of the black solution. 

This works well with a current density of 0-15 to 0 17 ampere per sq. decimetre, the initial density being 0 2 ampere until a thin deposit has been obtained on the cathode. Voltage 0 7. The anodes should consist of pure Swedish charcoal iron. These become covered with a black carbonaceous slime after a time, and require cleaning. It is desirable that the anodic area should somewhat exceed that of the cathode. 

Muthmann, Weiss, and Mai, Annalm, 1907,355,100. EE the current used is 600 to 800 amperes at 110 volts, no metal is obtained, but instead, bluish-black crystals of molybdenum sesq uisnlphide, MojSj, are produced. 

Electrolytic oxidation of anthracene in 20 per cent sulfuric acid solution with 1 per cent of vanadium pentoxide present is carried out at 80° C. with lead electrodes and a current density of 300 amperes per square meter at 1.6 volts. Good yields have been claimed 10 for this process. Air under pressure has been used for the oxidation of anthracene in the form of dispersions in aqueous ferric sulfate solutions,20 or as a solution iu pyridine or dispersion in aqueous alkaline solutions preferably in the presence of catalysts 21 of copper, cobalt, nickel or lead compounds. Vanadium compounds have been found more active than chromium compounds for use as oxidation catalysts in the form of suspensions in the liquid phase, as in the preparation of aniline black.22 Anthracene suspended in water or dilute sulfuric arid or dissolved in a solvent as acetone is oxidized with ozone, or ozonized oxygen at ordinary temperatures.28... 

Usually driven by a pressurized gas, the Taser fires two dart-like electrodes with barbed hooks at the target, which remain connected with the gun by isolated wires. Electroshock guns are normally used by police or security forces in order to paralyze a perpetrator with a short high voltage pulse at a peak current of typically several Amperes. Once the electrodes have hit the target, repeated application of electroshocks is possible. For unauthorized users, Tasers are available on the black market. 

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