Ammonium carbonate Volume

Dissolve 180 g. of commercial ammonium carbonate in 150 ml. of warm water (40-50°) in a 700 ml. flask. Cool to room temperature and add 200 ml. of concentrated ammonia solution (sp. gr. 0 88). Introduce slowly, with swirling of the contents of the flask, a solution of 50 g. of chloroacetic acid (Section 111,125) in 50 ml. of water [CAUTION do not allow chloroacetic acid to come into contact with the skin as unpleasant burns will result]. Close the flask with a solid rubber stopper and fix a thin copper wire to hold the stopper in place do not moisten the portion of the stopper in contact with the glass as this lubrication will cause the stopper to slide out of the flask. Allow the flask to stand for 24-48 hours at room temperature. Transfer the mixture to a distilling flask and distil in a closed apparatus until the volume is reduced to 100-110 ml. A convenient arrangement is to insert a drawn-out capillary tube into the flask, attach a Liebig s condenser, the lower end of which fits into a filter flask (compare Fig.//, 1) and connect the... 

Ammonium nitrate [6484-S2-2J, NH NO, formula wt 80.04, is the most commercially important ammonium compound both Hi terms of production volume and usage. It is the principal component of most iadustrial explosives and nonmilitary blasting compositions however, it is used primarily as a nitrogen fertilizer. Ammonium nitrate does not occur Hi nature because it is very soluble. It was first described Hi 1659 by the German scientist Glauber, who prepared it by reaction of ammonium carbonate and nitric acid. He called it nitrium flammans because its yeUow flame (from traces of sodium) was... 

In addition to the possibility of controlling the particle size of the hydroxides, application of ammonium carbonate affords several other advantages compared to traditional precipitation of hydroxides using ammonia solution. First, ammonium carbonate does not increase the total volume of the solution as much as does the addition of ammonia. Second, the method enables to perform the interaction so as to precipitate stoichiometric mixtures, which... 

Valine has been prepared by the action of alcoholic ammonia on a-chloroisovaleric acid 1 by the action of aqueous ammonia on a-bromoisovaleric acid 2 by the action of ammonia and ammonium carbonate on a-bromoisovaleric acid 3 by heating iso-propyl-malonylazidic acid and subsequent hydrolysis 4 by the action of ammonia and hydrogen cyanide on isobutyraldehyde followed by hydrolysis.5 a-Bromoisovaleric acid has been prepared in several ways as described in an earlier volume.6... 

According to E. Divers,1 the product obtained by cooling a mixture of three volumes of ammonia with two volumes of carbon dioxide in the presence of at least the calculated quantity of water vapour furnishes a substance similar to the ordinary commercial carbonate a greater proportion of carbon dioxide can be used if sufficient water vapour and some liquid water are present. E. Divers also found the same compound to be formed by the rapid distillation of any of the ammonium carbonates or of ammonium carbamate with water. 

The dark red liquid is evaporated on the steam bath to a volume of 500ml while lOg of solid ammonium carbonate are added every 30 minutes. Any black cobaltic oxide that may form is filtered off by suction while the solution is hot and it is then further concentrated to 350ml. The addition of ammonium carbonate is continued during this time the overall time for the evaporation is 6-7 hours. After cooling in ice, the red product is filtered and the filtrate is set aside. The solid is washed with 75ml of 95% alcohol. 

Ammonium carbonate decomposes when heated to yield carbon dioxide, ammonia, and water vapor. Calculate the ratio of the (separate) volume of ammonia to that of water vapor, each at 450°C and 1.00 atm. 

Naphthol (100 g., 0.70 mole) is dissolved in an aqueous solution containing 360 g. (6.3 moles) of potassium hydroxide. To this solution is added an aqueous solution of 95 g. (1.0 mole) of chloroacetic acid. Water is added to the mixture until a total volume of 2 1. is reached, and the resulting solution is stirred and heated on a water bath for 4 hours. The reaction mixture is treated with 100 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid and cooled the precipitated solid is filtered off, washed with water, and dried. There is obtained a 95 yield of crude product melting at 145-150 . The crude acid is treated with excess aqueous ammonium carbonate solution, and the resulting mixture is extracted with ether to remove the unreacted /8-naphthol. Acidification of the aqueous solution precipitates the yj-naphthoxy-acetic acid, which is collected by filtration and recrystallized from hot water to give white prisms melting at 156°. 

---