Ammonia production flow diagram

Using the data given below, draw an information flow diagram of the process and calculate the process stream flow-rates and compositions for the production of 600 t/d ammonia. Use either the Nagiev split fraction method, with any suitable spreadsheet or manual calculations. 

FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ANHYDROUS AMMONIA TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, WILSON DAM, ALABAMA, USA... 

The above results can be extrapolated to the industrial scale. Next, we consider a production rate of340 kmol/h AN, which corresponds to about 100 kton/ yr. Figure 2.4 shows the input/output flow diagram. The inputs consist of raw materials, such as propylene, ammonia and air. The outputs are product (acrylonitrile), byproducts (HCN and acetonitrile), gaseous emissions, lights, heavies, wastewater and eventually solids. 

Figure 115. Flow diagrams of ammonia production from fuel oil or heavy residues by the Shell (A) and the Texaco (B) process (standard configuration)...

Figure 4.1 is a flow diagram of the Andrussow process [7], To avoid the decomposition of methane and ammonia, the ratio of reactants must be carefully controlled. The products are cooled where care is taken to avoid the formation of azulmic acids, polymers formed by the reaction between hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, and water. The products go to a scrubbing tower where unconverted ammonia is absorbed in sulfuric acid. The product is then absorbed in water, stripped, and distilled to produce greater than 99% HCN [8]. Yields are 70 and 60% for methane and ammonia, respectively. 

An improved process for producing HCN from CH4, NHj, and air over a platinum-alloy screen catalyst has been developed by the Freeport Sulphur Company. It involves a novel method of separating the HCN and NH3 from the gas mixture coming from the reactor. About 157 per cent of the ammonia is converted to HCN in a single pass through the converter, and only about 18 per cent is dissociated. Most of the remaining ammonia is recovered and recycled. Based on the use of recycled ammonia, the overall )deld is about 74 per cent. A flow diagram and a description of the operation for the production of liquid HCN will be found in Sec. X. <... 

It is the availability of carbon dioxide in such ammonia production that makes the synthesis of urea attractive. The general flow for this formation is shown in the diagram. 

These routes are the sources of the eight building blocks — ammonia, methanol, ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, and xylene — from which virtually all large tormage petrochemicals are derived. Figure 15.1 represents a simplified version of the production of these chemicals from petroleum and natural gas. Simplified flow diagrams for the production of some polymers from these basic petrochemicals are shown in Figures 15.2-15.9. 

A simplified flow diagram for the production of ammonia by steam reforming of natural gas or naphtha is shown in Figure 6.3. In the following discussion, each of the steps will be discussed in the sequence in which they occur. 

FIGURE 21.4 Flow diagram for Solvay Ammonia-based process for production of soda ash. (Courtesy of Solvay Chemicals.)... 

FIGURE 26.13 Flow diagram for the production of ethanolamines. (Ammonia concentration between 50 and 100% is fed into the reactor. The reaction takes place in the reactor where the pressure is maintained at 160 kg/cm and the reaction temperature at 150°C. The reaction is highly exothermic.)... 

The appropriate flow diagram is shown in figure 2.7. The product stream (stream 5) contains 1 per cent of the nitrogen in stream 3. The amount of nitrogen in stream 3 is 85 per cent of that in stream 2 (the rest is converted to ammonia). If the basis of the calculation is 100 moles of feed, the relationships can be symbolically represented by... 

FIGURE 11.5 Flow diagram of the oxidation of methane to formaldehyde (process of the Gutehoffnungshutte Company) [93] (1) reactor for the synthesis of nitrogen dioxide, (2) reactor for formaldehyde production, (3) heat exchanger, (4) air blower, (5) refrigerator, (6) wash column, (7) receptacle for the crude product, (8) converter, (9) distillation column, (10) receptacle for finished product. (I) ammonia (II) air (III) methane (IV) discharge gas and (V) water. 

Partial Combustion. A flow diagram for ammonia production via partial combustion of natural gas is shown in Fig. 28.4. By burning natural gas with a limited quantity of oxygen, a synthesis gas containing approximately 2 moles of hydrogen for each mole of carbon monoxide can be produced ... 

Figure 6.9 A possible process flow diagram for the production of ammonia from cyanobacteria. Reproduced from Razon (2014) with permission from John Wiley...

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