Ammonia plant safety

J. M. Blanken, "Beliavior of Ammonia in tlie Event of a Spillage," in CEP Technical Manual, Ammonia Plant Safety and Related Facilities, Vol. 22, AICliE, New York, NY, 1980. 

The design sketched above is an elaborate version of the so-called Kellogg Advanced Ammonia Process (KAAP) in which iron-based catalysts are used in the first bed, and ruthenium-based catalysts, which bind nitrogen more weakly, are used in the second, third and fourth beds [T.A. Czuppon, S.A. Knez, R.W. Schneider and G. Woroberts, Ammonia Plant Safety Relat. Pacil. 34 (1994) 236]. 

Verduijn, W. D., Process Safety Progress, 1996, 15(2), 89 Verduijn, W. D. Ammonia Plant Safety, 1996... 

Staff Ammonia Plant Safety Related Facilities, Vol. 39. American Institute cf... 

D.W. Bolme and A. Horton, The Humphreys and Glasgow/Bolme Nitric Acid Process , Ammonia Plant Safety, Volume 21, pp.184-188, AlChE, New York (1979). 

P. Soregaard-Andersen, O. Hansen, 36th AlChE Ammonia Safety Symp., Los Angeles 1991. Ammonia Plant Safety 32 (1992), 177. 

Rostrup-Nielsen, J.R. Hojlund Nielsen, P.E. Kegel Sorensen, N. Carstensen, J.H., Ammonia Plant Safety 1993, 33, 184. 

Reproduced by permission from Ammonia Plant Safety, 1978, 18, 24)... 

Shah, V.A. and Huurdeman, T.L. (1990) Syndiesis gas treating with physical solvent process using Selexol process technology. Ammonia Plant Safety, AIChE, 86. 279. 

Orphanides, R, Developments in natural gas reforming technology of syngas, Ammonia Plant Safety, 34 292—312 (1994). 

Rostrup-Nielson, J. R Nielson, P. E. H., Sorensen, N. K and Carstensen, J. H., Catalyst poisoning general rules and practical examples for ammonia plants, Ammonia Plant Safety, 33 184—199, (1993). 

Hansen, J-H. B.. Storgaard, L.. and Pederson, P. S., Aspects of modem reforming technology and catalysts, Ammonia Plant Safety, 32 52-62 (1992). 

Famell, P. W., Secondary reforming theory and application, Ammonia Plant Safety, 34 24-37 (1994). 

Mohri, T., Takemura, K., and Shibasaki, T., Application of advanced material for catalyst tubes for steam reformers. Ammonia Plant Safety, 33 86-100 (1993). 

This is the latest volume in a series on ammonia plant safety. These technical manuals give guidance on safety development, accident prevention, and efficient plant operation. Topics In Volume 32 Include risk analysis and emergency management of ammonia Installations, ammonia detectors, tank storage, safety assurance programs, and other topics in specific manufacturing operations. 

Williams, G. P, Ammonia plant safety. Chon. Engng Progress, 74 (9) 88-92 (1978). 

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