Ammonia, neutralizing agent

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water Reacts slowly to form flammable hydrogen gas, which can accumulate in closed area Reactivity with Common Materials Corrosive to natural rubber, some synthetic rubbers, some greases and some lubricants Stability During Transport Stable Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Flush with 3% aqueous ammonia solution, then with water. Methyl alcohol may also be used Polymerization Not pertinent Inhibitor of Polymerization Not pertinent. 

Neutralization agents may be caustic soda (predominantly), ammonia, mono-ethanolamine, and triethanolamine. Examples of reaction equations are as follows ... 

Common Materials Can catch fire when in contact with porous materials such as wood, asbestos, cloth, soil, or rusty metals Stability During Transport Stable at ordinary temperatures, however when heated this material can decompose to nitrogen and ammonia gases. The decomposition is not generally hazardous unless it occurs in confined spaces Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Flush with water and neutralize the resulting solution with calcium hypochlorite. Polymerization Not pertinent Inhibitor of Polymerization Not pertinent. 

Because dimethyl sulfate looks like water, operations are preferably not performed when water is present, eg, wet floors or rain. Any spills or leaks should not be left unattended they should be contained, and runoff to sewers should be avoided. Minor spills should be flooded with water to dilute and hydrolyze the dimethyl sulfate. The area should then be covered with a dilute (2—5 wt °/o) caustic solution or a dilute (2—5 wt %) ammonia solution, or soda ash may be sprinkled over the neat liquid and the mix wetted with a gentle spray of water. The neutralizing agent should remain on the affected area for 24 h and then should be washed away. Only personnel wearing protective equipment should perform these operations. The product bulletins should be consulted for procedures to be followed for more severe spills. Concentrated ammonia should not be used with neat dimethyl sulfate because explosions have resulted after their contact (128). 

Enteric polymers can be coated from aqueous latexes or from aqueous solutions that are produced by solubilizing the polymer via pH neutralization with the addition of an alkali or organic base. Typical neutralizing agents used to create aqueous solutions of enteric polymers include ammonia sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and ammonium hydrogen carbonate. In most cases acid preireal-ment is required to convert the enteric polymer from its salt state back to the neural state to achieve enteric functionality of the polymer however, it has been reported that acid... 

It is well known that, after its absorption, NOz forms nitric acid and nitrous acid in water. There is some indication that nitrite produced in this way is oxidized by dissolved 03 (Penkett, 1972). If neutralizing agents (ammonia, calcium carbonate etc.) are present, some nitrate salt is finally formed. It follows from this discussion that both S02 and N02 are oxidized in cloud water by atmospheric ozone. If this speculation is true a correlation should be found between the concentration of sulfate and nitrate ions in precipitation waters. Such a correlation was found in precipitation samples by Gambell and Fisher (1964) among others. However, correlations between any two species in rainwater must be considered with caution because the level of all ions is affected in a similar way by the precipitation intensity or quantity (see Subsection 5.4.1). Nevertheless the identical annual variations of the two ions in precipitation water (see Subsection 5.4.5) suggests that the two species are formed by some similar processes. 

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