Aminotransferases glutamic-pyruvic transaminase

The function of a coenzyme is well illustrated by the role of pyridoxal phosphate in the transfer of amino groups. The enzyme alanine aminotransferase glutamate-pyruvate transaminase) catalyses the reaction of glutamate with pyruvate to form 2-oxoglutarate and alanine. In this reaction, the amino group of glutamate is transferred first to pyridoxal phosphate and then to pyruvate with the formation of alanine. 

Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), now frequently referred to as alanine aminotransferase (ALT)... 

ALT = alanine aminotransferase (newer name) GPT - glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (older name) AST = aspaitate aminotransferase (newer name) GOT = glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (older name)... 

Aminotransferases have received many names as fashions in nomenclature have changed. Two obsolete names are still used in chnical practice glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (abbreviated to GOT) is now aspartate aminotransferase, and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) is now alanine aminotransferase. The new abbreviations are AST and ALT, respectively. 

This enzyme [EC 2.6.1.2], also known as glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-alanine transaminase, catalyzes the pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent reaction of alanine with 2-ketoglutarate, resulting on the production of pyruvate and glutamate. 2-Aminobutanoate will also react, albeit slowly. There is another alanine aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.12], better known as alanine-oxo-acid aminotransferase, which catalyzes the pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent reaction of alanine and a 2-keto acid to generate pyruvate and an amino acid. See also Alanine Glyoxylate Aminotransferase... 

ALT alanine transaminase alanine aminotransferase previously known as SGPT (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase). 

Reaction (20.12) is catalyzed by glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), also known as alanine aminotransferase, and Equation (20.13) is catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase. Note that these reactions are completely reversible. The reverse of deamination, for example, if one wanted to synthesize alanine from ammonia and pyruvate, is amination. 

E-7) SGPT (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase), more recently called ALT (alanine aminotransferase), acts at diis step. Both names make sense, depending on which way you read the chemical reaction. This enzyme is especially concentrated in the liver it leaks out of the liver cell and rises in the serum with liver damage, as in hepatitis and mononucleosis. It does not significantly increase in myocardial infarction and, hence, the test is more specific than SGOT for liver disease. 

No significant difference in levels of serum glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT, also known as alanine aminotransferase [ALAT]) was observed in six mice (strain not specified) treated once by gavage with 22.5 mg/kg/day 2,4-DNP (Robert 1986). Two dogs repeatedly fed capsules containing... 

GOTs = sarcoplasmic GOT isozyme GOTm — mitochondrial GOT isozyme GPT = glutamic pyruvic transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) MK = myokinase (adenylate kinase) p.m. = post mortem... 

Abbreviations ALT, alanine aminotransferase AST, aspartate aminotransferase CYP, cytochrome P GST, glutathione-L-transferase SGOT, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase SGPT, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase. 

The enzyme catalyzing the reversible transamination of alanine and a-ketoglutarate is alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and isoenzymes occur in both the cytosol and mitochondria. This enzyme occurs in many tissues and is particularly active in the liver. An increase of this enzyme in the serum (sometimes referred to as SGPT, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) is indicative of hepatic damage. 

Several enzymes which perform reactions at the a-carbon of amino acids are also known to catalyze an apparently unrelated exchange of the j8-hydrogens of their substrates. This capability renders glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) susceptible to inhibition by propargylglycine (Marcotte and Walsh, 1975), presumably by the mechanism described above. Alanine transaminase is inactivated by /3-cyano-L-alanine in an analogous manner, although... 

Most aminotransferases use glutamate/oi-ketoglutarate as one of the two amino/keto acid pairs involved. Aminotransferases involving aspartate/oxaloacetate and alanine/pyruvate are also quite abundant. Two important enzymes in the clinical diagnosis of human disease are serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SCOT) and serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) ... 

Example aminotransferase enzymes include the serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT). 

The liver transaminases measured in the blood are aspartate aminotransferase (AST), which was formerly called serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SCOT), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), which was formerly called serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT). Elevation of liver enzymes reflects damage of the liver plasma membrane. 

Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase are the modern versions of older names. ALT was formally known as serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SPGT), and AST was formally known as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). 

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (AlaAT, ALAT, ALT) (SERUM GLUTAMATE-PYRUVATE TRANSAMINASE, SGPT GLUTAMATE-PYRUVATE TRANSAMINASE, GPT). 

I) Croup MB enzymes are concentrated in the liver of most animals and include alanine aminotransferase [ALT, formerly known as glutamic pyruvic transaminase (CRT)] and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD). ALT has a half-life in dogs of approximately 60 hours. Levels may be elevated for 1-3 weeks after liver toxicosis occurs. 

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