Amino-terminal region

The site of acetylation in the amino-terminal region has prompted suggestions to explain how such modifications might modulate histone binding to the DNA (for references, see Allfrey, 1971, 1977 ... 

Methylation of histone lysines has been seen only in H3 and H4 at position 9, 27 for H3 and at position 20 of H4. Sometimes a lysine may have more than one methyl group (Ogawa et al., 1969 Patthy et al., 1973 DeLange et al., 1969, 1973). Methylation of histidines was reported for HI and H5 in duck erythroid cells. This modification, which occurs late in S phase or in G, is found in the amino-terminal region of H3 and H4 and is irreversible (for references, see Allfrey, 1977 Dixon, 1976). 

In the SCF complex, Cull forms the core scaffold that associates with Rod at the extreme C-terminal region [3]. At its the amino terminal region, Cull interacts... 

HD is caused by polyQ expansion in the amino-terminal region of a protein huntingtin (Htt). Disruption of the HD gene in mice causes increased neuronal apoptosis and progressive behavioural and motor dysfunction reminiscent of the disease in humans (Sanchez et al., 1999) but the exact molecular mechanisms... 

Extra carboxyl groups may be added to Glu residues of some proteins. For example, the blood-clotting protein prothrombin contains a number of y-carboxygluta-mate residues (Fig. 27-29b) in its amino-terminal region, introduced by an enzyme that requires vitamin K. These carboxyl groups bind Ca2+, which is required to initiate the clotting mechanism. 

A closely related E. coli protein is a 79-kDa multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes four different reactions of fatty acid oxidation (Chapter 17). The amino-terminal region contains the enoyl hydratase activity.32 A quite different enzyme catalyzes dehydration of thioesters of (3-hydroxyacids such as 3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein (see Eq. 21-2) to both form and isomerize enoyl-ACP derivatives during synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids by E. coli. Again, a glutamate side chain is the catalytic base but an imidazole group of histidine has also been implicated.33 This enzyme is inhibited irreversibly by the N-acetylcysteamine thioester of 3-decynoic acids (Eq. 13-8). This was one of the first enzyme-activated inhibitors to be studied.34... 

JAKs are composed of an amino-terminal region (N), catalytically inactive kinase-like (KL) domain and a tyrosine kinase (TK) domain. The family is distin-... 

Structurally, Keapl is subdivided into five domains (Fig. 17.2b) the amino terminal region (NTR), the BTB/POZ (Bric-a-brac, tramtrack, broad-complex/... 

HSF3, identified in chicken, is induced by c-Myb in the absence of cellular stress (Nakai and Morimoto, 1993 Kanei-Ishii et al., 1997). Another isoform of HSF found in human cells, HSF4, possesses transcription represser properties in vivo (Frejtag et al., 2001). Comparisons of HSF protein structure in these organisms indicate the presence of conserved DNA binding domain and three hydrophobic heptad repeats that constitute the trimerization domain. These domains are located within the amino-terminal region of the protein. The stress-responsive transcriptional activation domain is located in the carboxyl-terminal region of the molecule. 

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