Amino table

There are many applications of normal-phase chromatography to separate all eight vitamers using silica or bonded silica phases such as diol or amino (Table 1.5 Figure 1.4). The separation of 3- and y-tocopherols and tocotrienols is the most difficult task, but it can be achieved with normal-phase HPLC. In addition to its... 

Figure 1-10. The structure of raw silk fibre, amino acids is shown in Table 1.10. Fibrion contains hardly any sulphurous amino TABLE 1.10...

It can be seen from Table 2 that the intrinsic values of the pK s are close to the model compound value that we use for Cys(8.3), and that interactions with surrounding titratable residues are responsible for the final apparent values of the ionization constants. It can also be seen that the best agreement with the experimental value is obtained for the YPT structure suplemented with the 27 N-terminal amino acids, although both the original YPT structure and the one with the crystal water molecule give values close to the experimentally determined one. Minimization, however, makes the agreement worse, probably because it w s done without the presence of any solvent molecules, which are important for the residues on the surface of the protein. For the YTS structure, which refers to the protein crystallized with an SO4 ion, the results with and without the ion included in the calculations, arc far from the experimental value. This may indicate that con-... 

The class of a pair of amino acids in positions i, A of a sequence s depends on the labels Si and s, of the amino acids and the residue distance i — k, and is specified through a suitably constructed class table, and... 

Neural networks have been applied to IR spectrum interpreting systems in many variations and applications. Anand [108] introduced a neural network approach to analyze the presence of amino acids in protein molecules with a reliability of nearly 90%. Robb and Munk [109] used a linear neural network model for interpreting IR spectra for routine analysis purposes, with a similar performance. Ehrentreich et al. [110] used a counterpropagation network based on a strategy of Novic and Zupan [111] to model the correlation of structures and IR spectra. Penchev and co-workers [112] compared three types of spectral features derived from IR peak tables for their ability to be used in automatic classification of IR spectra. 

The melting points of the derivatives of a number of amino acids are collected in Table 111,132. Most a-amino acids decompose on heating so that the melting points would be more accurately described as decomposition points the latter vary somewhat with the rate of heating and the figures given are those obtained upon rapid heating. 

The effect of a series of -amino acids on the Diels-Alder reaction of 3.8 with 3.9 has been investigated. The results are shown in Table 3.2. 

Table 3.2. Influence of several -amino acid ligands on the equilibrium constant for binding of 3.8c...

Table 3.5. G, 711 and 7S for the binding of 3.8c to different copper(II)-amino acid complexes in water at 25 C at pH 5-6.

Table 20. Protection of amino acid side-chains.

Table VI-2 contains representative ultraviolet data for 2-amino-thiazoles and 2-iminothiazolines.

TABLE V[-5. REPRESENTATIVE H NMR SHIFTS FOR 2 AMINO I HI AZOLE AND 2-lMINO-4-TtnAZOLINE DERIVATIVES"... 

Characteristic NMR shifts for 2-amino and 2-imino derivatives are given in Table V]-5. 

Amino-5-nitrothiazole, on treatment with arenesulfonyl halides and dimethylformamide at 140 C, gives (5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)amidme (274) (Scheme 168) (507, 508). The condensation products of the reaction of 2-aminothiazole derivatives with various aldehydes are grouped in Tables... 

An interesting set of central nervous system properties has also been discovered and studied (Table VI-10). The work devoted to piscaine must be emphasized besides finding hypnotic properties of 2-amino-4-phenyl-thiazole on fish, the authors studied the structure of the metabolite, as well as the localization of the (radio labeled) metabolic product in various organs. Recently, thiazol-4-yl methoxyamine was shown to inhibit the development of morphine tolerance (1607). 5-Aminothiazole derivatives such as 419a were proposed as cardiovascular agents (1608, 1610). Substitution of the 5-aminothiazole radical on the cephalophosphorin structure gives a series of antibacterial products (1609). 

TABLE VI-14. 2-AMINO n4IAZOLE.S fA) AND 2-IMIN0-4-THIA70LINES IB) DERIVATIVES USED AS DYES... 

In the first chapter, devoted to thiazole itself, specific emphasis has been given to the structure and mechanistic aspects of the reactivity of the molecule most of the theoretical methods and physical techniques available to date have been applied in the study of thiazole and its derivatives, and the results are discussed in detail The chapter devoted to methods of synthesis is especially detailed and traces the way for the preparation of any monocyclic thiazole derivative. Three chapters concern the non-tautomeric functional derivatives, and two are devoted to amino-, hydroxy- and mercaptothiazoles these chapters constitute the core of the book. All discussion of chemical properties is complemented by tables in which all the known derivatives are inventoried and characterized by their usual physical properties. This information should be of particular value to organic chemists in identifying natural or Synthetic thiazoles. Two brief chapters concern mesoionic thiazoles and selenazoles. Finally, an important chapter is devoted to cyanine dyes derived from thiazolium salts, completing some classical reviews on the subject and discussing recent developments in the studies of the reaction mechanisms involved in their synthesis. 

Oxoselenazolines with a 2-(disubstituted amino) group are obtained by the action of a-halocarboxylic acid or rather their esters on N-disubstituted selenoureas (Scheme 63, Table X-14) (27. 67. 68). 

TABLE M4. SUBSITTUTION EFFECTS OUALITATTVE VARIATIONS OF 7T NET CHARGE INDUCED BY THE SUBSTITUTION OF A CHLORINE OR AN AMINO GROUP (123) ... 

TABLE II 13. 4 ALKYL, 4-ARYL. OR 4-HETEROARYL 2-AMINO miAZOLES... 

By condensing carbon oxysulfide with o-aminOnitriles the corresponding 2-hydroxy-5-aminothiazoles can be obtained. In the presence of benzaldehyde or its substituted derivatives the reaction leads to 5-benzy-lideneaminothiazole derivatives (218) in good yields (Scheme 114 and Table 11.35) (393, 442). However, the reaction fails with or-amino acetonitrile (206), R = H (317). The 2-alkoxy analogs (220), R = Me, Et, Pr, Bu, vinyl, were similarly obtained from 219 and benzylideneamino acetonitrile (Scheme 115a) (393). 

TABLE n-36. 2,5-DIAMINOTHIAZOLE DERfVATIVES FROM a-AMINO-NITRILES AND ISOTHIOCYANaTES. 

Learning By Model ing contains electro static potential maps of all the amino acids in this table... 

FIGURE 27 1 Electro static potential maps of the 20 common amino acids listed in Table 27 1 Each ammo acid is oriented so that Its side chain is in the upper left corner The side chains affect the shape and properties of the ammo acids... 

Hydrolysis of the following compound in concentrated hydrochlonc acid for several hours at 100°C gives one of the amino acids in Table 27 1 Which one" Is it optically active" ... 

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