Amino acids based

Skaija GA and Woodhouse KA. S3mthesis and characteization of degradable pol)oirethane elastomers containing an amino acid based chain extender. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 1998, 9, 271-295. 

Uchegbu and coworkers have studied the complexation and delivery of DNA using a unique poly(amino acid)-based polymer vesicle. A polymer of either poly (L-lysine) or poly(L-omithine) was functionalized with methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) and hydrophobic palmitic acid chains to synthesize an amphiphilic triblock of either mPEG-6-poly(L-lysine)-6-palmitoyl or mPEG-Z>-poly(L-omithine)-6-palmitoyl. Vesicles formed from these polymers were complexed with DNA and showed improved transfection in vitro over poly(amino acid) complexed with DNA or DNA alone [82]. 

Chen, Q., Wang, J., Rayson, G., Tian, B., and Lin, Y., Sensor array for carbohydrates and amino acids based on electrocatalytic modified electrodes, Anal. Chem., 65, 251, 1993. 

The results of the various semi-empirical calculations on the reference structures contained within the JSCH-2005 database (134 complexes 31 hydrogen-bonded base-pairs, 32 interstrand base pairs, 54 stacked base pairs and 17 amino acid base pairs) are summarised in Table 5-10. The deviations of the various interaction energies from the reference values are displayed in Figure 5-5. As with the S22 training set, the AMI and PM3 methods generally underestimate the interactions whereas the dispersion corrected method (PM3-D) mostly over-estimates the interactions a little. Overall the PM3-D results are particularly impressive given that the method has only... 

The Heck reaction has proven to be an extremely useful method for the formation of C-C bond at a vinyl carbon centre. There are numerous reported examples of enantioselctive Pd catalyzed C-C bond forming reactions.10"13 Surprisingly, reports of Heck transformations using amino acid based phosphine, phosphinite ligands are rare. Recently Gilbertson reported a proline derived phosphine-oxozoline ligand in a catalytic asymmetric Heck reaction.5 In this paper we present some novel amino acids derived ligands as part of a catalytic system for use in asymmetric Heck reactions. 

Bommarius, A.S., Scharm, M. and Drauz, K. (1998) Biocatalysis to amino acid-based chiral pharmaceuticals -examples and perspectives. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B, Enzymatic, 5, 1-11. 

Carrier-mediated prodrug absorption has especially focused upon the use of PepTl, and a variety of strategies using stabilized dipeptides and amino acid-based prodrugs with affinity to hPepTl appear promising. In retrospect, it has been shown that the commercially available prodrugs valaciclovir and valganciclovir are both absorbed via hPepTl, which provides evidence for the value of the carrier-mediated concept. 

Translation Process of synthesizing proteins from amino acids based on the genetic code carried by mRNA (see also transcription). 

In the study of the origin of life on earth, the element carbon is essential. Carbon is a required component of the fundamental molecules of life amino acids, bases, and sugars. In addition, a large variety of carbon compounds is necessary in the complex biochemical cycles of living organisms. The physical and chemical nature and geometry of the carbon atom make it well suited to form the vast array of molecules involved in the chemistry of life. 

Fig. 10.2 Structure of L-arginine analogs and amino acid-based NOS inhibitors.

Figure 10 Arginine and non-amino acid-based CXCR4 small molecules.

The improved methods introduced in the years 1940 to 1945 created new possibilities in this field. The Van Slyke method for quantitative determination of amino acids, based on the measurement of the volume of carbon dioxide evolved in the course of the reaction between amino acids and ninhydrin (V2), was much more reliable than the older methods. At the same time the microbiological methods designed for amino acid determinations (D3, S6) made possible the detection of very small concentrations of these compounds. The application of these... 

The experiments described above include the most commonly used and most sensitive ones. As mentioned earlier, many more pulse sequences exist that can provide important information. Some of the experiments are also able to distinguish between certain types of amino acids based on their unique spin coupling network or chemical shifts [74—79]. Whether these experiments are used during the assignment process depends on the individual project. 

Table 10.2 Classification of amino acids based on chemical structure...

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