Amine medically important

For a more detailed overview of electrochemical detection, the interested reader is referred to Kissinger [59]. The range of applications snitable for electrochemical detection are discnssed in an excellent review by Pacakova and Stulik [60]. Perhaps the most biomedically important application is the determination of catecholamines in bioflnids [61-63]. Electrochemical detection has also lent itself to the detection of other medically important amines snch as histamine [64] and nenrotrans-mitters [65]. Additionally, electrochemical detection has been applied to the detection of certain antibiotics [66] and environmental carcinogens [67]. 

A1203) to the medically important 9< -fluoro-l 1-ketosteroids. The nitrimino group can be reduced to the nitramine or the 11-amine. ... 

The local anesthetic novocaine, which is often used in dentistry and for minor surgery, is injected as an amine salt. See A Clinical Perspective Medically Important Amines. 

Medically Important Amines Reactions Involving Amines... 

Tryptophan has also assumed medical importance as a result of the pharmacological action of serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and the possibility that the aromatic amines resulting from the degradation of tryptophan might be carcinogens (875). 

Alkaloids such as caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, and digitalis, which have powerful physiological activity, are naturally occurring amines obtained from plants. In an amide, the functional group consists of a carbonyl group attached to an amine. Amides, which are derived from carboxylic acids, are important in biology in proteins. In biochemistry, the amide bond that links amino acids in a protein is called a peptide bond. Some medically important amides include acetaminophen (Tylenol) used to reduce fever phenobarbital, a sedative and anticonvulsant medication and penicillin, an antibiotic. 

Substances with low solubility in acid can interfere with the DNPH assay. Mandel-amine (methenamine man delate), an antibacterial medication, and radiopaque contrast material will form a precipitate immediately upon addition of the DNPH reagent. The color and immediacy of formation of this precipitate distinguishes it from the yellowish precipitate of a-keto acid hydrazones. It is very important to have information on patient medications prior to evaluation of the DNPH test. 

Probably the most important chemical reaction of amines, at least in medical applications, is the basicity of amines. Most amines have a noticeable base strength and will accept a proton from a strong acid to form its conjugate acid. The conjugate acid of an amine is called an ammonium salt. The ionic salt is much more soluble in water than the electrically neutral freebase form. So, by... 

Lastly, but importantly, in a chapter titled Chemical Carcinogenesis, the following cited authors note that vitamin C inhibits carcinogenesis in the stomach by blocking the formation of nitrosamines from the nitrosation of amines (Williams and Weisberger, in Amdur et al.,1991, p. 146). This is aside from the usual view of medical orthodoxy that vitamin C has no special therapeutic effects other than the alleviation of scurvy (e.g., Marcus and Coulston, in Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, pp. 1568-1571). 

Five-membered heterocyclic amines have been attracting attention for a long time. Their antioxidant effect was confirmed in model experiments. Derivatives of indole and carbazole are HS for PVC and copolymers of vinyl chloride [92], Some indoles are medical or biological AO protecting against chemical carcinogenesis or chemically induced hepatoxicity [93]. 6-Hydroxycarbazole suppresses oxidation of methyl linoleate, its sacrificial transformation yields a QI. 2,2-Disubstituted l,2-dihydro-3-oxo(or phenylimino)-3//-indoles (15a, b, R = Me, Et) have a potential importance as HS for PO [36]. 

A large number of medically and biologically important compounds are amines. Listed here are some important examples ... 

This fact is important for understanding the activity of pharmaceuticals containing amine moieties, a topic explored in the following Medically Speaking box. 

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