American Contact Dermatitis Society

Nickel was named Contact Allergen of the Year in 2008 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society, and the rates of positive patch tests have been increasing year by year [83 ]. The European Union (EU) adopted the EU Nickel Directive in 1994 it limits nickel release from body piercing equipment to <0.2 micrograms/cm /week [84 ]. Despite this, of 95 nickel-allergic patients with dermatitis in Denmark, 70 had 151 metallic items, 66 of which contained nickel, detected using the dimethyl-glyoxime test, and nearly all had been purchased or acquired after the introduction of the EU Nickel Directive [85 ] however, few were items covered by the Directive and the rates of release were not studied (Table 2). 

Plotnick HB (1978) Carcinogenesis in rats of combined ethylene dibromide and disulfiram. JAMA 239 1609 Plotnick H, Birmingham DJ (1993) Disulfiram alcohol facial flush in rubber industry (abstract). Proceedings of the American Contact Dermatitis Society Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C. p 11... 

Susitaival P, Kirk J, Schenker M (1998) Work related skin symptoms in California veterinarians (abstract). Proceedings of the 9th Annual Meeting of the American Contact Dermatitis Society, February 26, 1998, Orlando, Fl, abstract no. 25. Am J Contact Dermat 9 66... 

As a common precursor component of oxidative hair dyes, p-phenylenediamine (PPD) is an extreme dermal sensitizer which can cause allergic contact sensitization, acute dermatitis (type rv allergic reactions), and severe facial edema which can be mistaken for angioedema [359-361], In 2006, the American Contact Dermatitis Society named PPD as the Contact Allergen of the Year [359],... 

The recent Burden of Skin Disease study, a joint project of the American Academy of Dermatology Association and the Society of Investigative Dermatology, found that the third most common skin ailment was contact dermatitis. According to this study, 72 million Americans had contact dermatitis in 2004 which resulted in 1.4 billion in direct costs and almost 500 million in indirect costs due to lost productivity.83 A review of 1993 BLS data showed that of 60,200 cases of occupational skin diseases, 12,613 (21%) resulted in one or more days away from work.70 The mean time away from work was 3 days, but 17% lost workday cases had over 11 days away from work. Of those with days away from work, 70% had a diagnosis of dermatitis. In 2001, of the 38,900 skin disease cases, 6,051 (16%) resulted in days away from work, with a median of 3 days lost.68 Of these, 78% had dermatitis. A study of 235 Canadian workers with oc-... 

Sertoli A, Francalanci S, Giorgini S (1994) Sensitization to textile disperse dyes validity of reduced-concentration patch tests and a new mix. Contact Dermatitis 31 47-48 Shehade SA, Beck MH (1990) Contact dermatitis from disperse dyes in synthetic wigs. Contact Dermatitis 23 124-125 Sherertz EF (1994) Clothing dermatitis practical aspects for the clinician. Am J Contact Dermat 3 55-64 Sim-Davies D (1972) Studies in contact dermatitis. 24. Dyes in trousers. Trans St Johns Hosp Dermatol Soc 58 251-260 Society of Dyers and Colorists and American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (1997) Colour index, 3rd edn. H. Charlesworth, Huddersfield... 

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