Amaryllis

Table 16 General botanical characteristics of the Amaryllis family ...

Lycoris aura (L Her.) Herb. L. longituba Y. Han et Fan L. radiata (L Her.) Herb. Shi Suan (Amaryllis) (rhizome) Galanthamine, lycoremine, lycorine, lycoramine, lycorenine, tazettine, pseudolycorine, dihydrolycorine, homolycorine, lycoricidine, lycoricidinol.33 As a cholinesterase inhibitor, lower blood pressure, stimulate secretion from the pituitary gland, increase natidiuretic hormone secretion. 

Previously included, at least in part, in the Liliaceae or Amarylli-daceae, the Agavaceac, familiar plants in arid America, are known for (heir content of steroidal saponins which have been used for conversion to bioactive steroids of medicinal importance. It is... 

Long recognized as a family of their own, the amaryllids are now included in the Liliaceae by Cronquist but perhaps not generally. They are distributed throughout the world, mostly in the tropics and subtropics, and valued for their garden flowers (Amaryllis, Crinum, Lycoris, Narcissus, etc.). 

Forty-five samples representing 35 species were tested nine had been known to contain alkaloids Amaryllis belladonna, Ammo-charis coranica, Crinum asiaticum, C. giganleum, Haemanthus mul-liflorus, Hippeaslrum villatum, Lycoris radiata, Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Sprekelia formosissima. 

Montanine alkaloids are members of the alkaloids of the plant family of Amarylli-daceae. They represent a relatively small class of compounds with the typical methanomorphanthridine skeleton exhibiting some anxiolytic, anti-depressive and anti-convulsive activities [135, 136]. The total syntheses of the natural (-)-mon-tanine enantiomers are only mentioned, not described, here (for these (—(-enantiomers see, e.g. literature cited in [137]). 

Intramolecular conjugate addition of a chiral amine group to an a,/J-unsaturated enone has rarely been described. One example is the synthesis of the Amaryllis alkaloid (4 )-maritidinel6. Asymmetry is induced by L-tyrosine as starting material, and in the key reaction the secondary amino group (prepared in situ) adds to the dienone moiety giving exclusively one diastereomer 2 in 41 % yield. Characterization is by spectroscopic methods (NMR, IR, MS) and the stereochemistry is verified by conversion of 2 to (+ )-epimaritidine, and subsequently (+ )-maritidine, the absolute configuration of which is known. 

An example of use of the conglomerate Nar-wedine (59) in the synthesis of a natural product Galanthamine (61) which is din Amarylli-daceae alkaloid and has been used clinically for 30 years for neurological illnesses (98). More recently it has been approved for the use in the treatment of Alzheimer s disease (AD) (99). Galanthamine acts to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), thus increasing the levels... 

Alluvial systems Alpha particle Alternative energy sources Alternative medicine Altruism Aluminum Aluminum hydroxide Alzheimer disease Amaranth family (Amaranthaceae) Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae) American Standard Code for Information Interchange Ames test Amicable numbers Amides Amino acid Ammonia Amm onification Amnesia Amniocentesis Amoeba Amphetamines Amphibians Amplifier Amputation Anabolism Anaerobic Analemma Analgesia... 

Alstroemeria (lily of the Incas) Amaryllis (amaryllis) Amianthium (amianthium) Androstephium (funnel lily) Asparagus (asparagus) Asphodelus (asphodel)... 

Fig. 4 Some applications of pH-zone-refining CCC. (a) Separation of eight CBZ dipeptides (see Table 1) [4,8] (b) separation of amaryllis alkaloids using both the lower phase (upper chromatogram) and upper phase (lower chromatogram) as the mobile phase (see Table 1) [4,9] (c) separation of catecholamines using a ligand (see Table 2) [4,12] (d) separation of two groups of dipeptide each using an affinity ligand [4,13] (see Table 2). Continued)...

DNP dinitrophenyl CBZ carbobenzoxy OBzl benzylesters /3NA naphthyl amide TCP tetrachlorofluorescein amaryllis alkaloids crinine, powelline, and crinamidine vinca alkaloids vincamine and vincine structural isomers 2- and 6-nitro-3-acetamido-4-chlorobenzoic acid stereoisomers 4-methoxymethyl-l-methyl-cyclohexane carboxylic acid fish oil mixture of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid NDGA nordihydroguaiaretic acid. 

Extracts from Zimbabwean Crinum macwanii, C. moorei and Amaryllis belladonna have exhibited activity against Candida albicans 4, 99). Further investigation of Amaryllis belladonna led to the isolation of lycorine 1 (MIC=39 ag/ml), hippeastrine 32 (MIC=125 p,g/ml), amarbellisine 41 (MIC=63 iig/ml), pancracine 42 (MIC=188 J,g/ml), vitlatine 43 (MIC=31 iig/ml), and 11-hydroxyvittatine 44 (MIC=156 lig/ml), as the active compounds against Candida albicans (98). 

Amaryllis Belladonna Common Names Belladonna Lily, March Lily, Naked Lady Poison Belladonna... 

Es gibt auch eine Belladonnalilie Amaryllis belladonna L.), die stark giftig ist (GAWLIK 1994 ... 

It will be noted that the snowdrop lectin (GNA) is specific for Man(al-3)Man linkages and exhibits high affinity for the branched trisaccharide Man(al-3)[Man(al-6)]Man [104,110] the daffodil lectin (NPA) for a-1,3- and a-l,6-linked mannose disaccharides [105] the amaryllis lectin (HHA) for a-l,6-linked mannose oligosaecharides [105] and the garlic (ASA) and ramsons (AUA) lectins for Man(al-3)Man units [106]. Similar to the snowdrop lectin, the orchid lectin Listera ovata) is highly specific for a-1,3-mannose oligomers [109]. 

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