Alveolar area

DFG MAK DFG TRK (Fine dust particles that are able to reach the alveolar area of the lung) crocidolite 0.05 x 10 fibers/m ... 

CBA does not appear to involve the alveolar areas of the lung. When such involvement is noted, the clinical manifestations are somewhat different, and they are classified as various types of allergic alveolitis. It is possible that many of these allergic bronchopulmonary diseases have similar pathophysiologic mechanisms. 

A six compartments model representing the pharmacokinetics of dust movement within the alveolar area of the lungs and lymph nodes was proposed by Smith (1985) including free particles and two macrophage departments on the alveolar surfaces, temporary and encapsulation particles in the interstitial area, and particles in lymph nodes. Seven processes control the quantities of particles in each of the three areas ... 

Certain characteristics of the developing human may increase exposure or susceptibility while others may decrease susceptibility to the same chemical. For example, although infants breathe more air per kilogram of body weight than adults breathe, this difference might be somewhat counterbalanced by their alveoli being less developed, which results in a disproportionately smaller surface area for alveolar absorption (NRC 1993). 

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also known as hyaline membrane disease, is one of the most common causes of respiratory disease in premature infants. In fact, it occurs in 30,000 to 50,000 newborns per year in the U.S. — most commonly in neonates bom before week 25 of gestation. IRDS is characterized by areas of atelectasis, hemorrhagic edema, and the formation of hyaline membranes within the alveoli. IRDS is caused by a deficiency of pulmonary surfactant. Alveolar type II cells, which produce surfactant, do not begin to mature until weeks 25 to 28 of... 

Species Body Weight (kg) Lung Volume (ml) Minute Volume (ml min-1) Alveolar Surface Area (m2) Lung Volume % Surface Area Minute Volume % Lung Volume Minute Volume % Surface area... 

The V/Q term describes the imbalance between ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q) in different areas of the lung. Given that alveolar ventilation is 4.5 l.min and pulmonary arterial blood flow is 5.0 l.min 1, the overall V/Q ratio is 0.9. Both ventilation and perfusion increase from top to bottom of the lung, but perfusion by much more than ventilation. 

Phase 2 A mixture of dead space gas and alveolar gas. The curve rises steeply to a plateau. Demonstrate a vertical line that intercepts this curve such that area A equals area B. The anatomical dead space is taken as the volume expired at this point. 

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