Aluminium and Zirconium

The following are suitable anions for urea precipitations of some metals sulphate for gallium, tin, and titanium formate for iron, thorium, and bismuth succinate for aluminium and zirconium. 

Interfering cations, except aluminium and zirconium, can be removed by passage through an ion exchange column. In the presence of interfering anions and also aluminium and zirconium, fluoride may be separated as hydrofluorosilicic acid by distilling with dilute perchloric acid at 135 °C (temperature maintained by the addition of water) in the presence of a few glass beads. 

Nagishi, E. and Liu, F., Palladium- or Nickel-catalyzed Cross-coupling with Organo-metals Containing Zinc, Magnesium, Aluminium and Zirconium , in Metal-catalyzed Cross-coupling Reactions, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1998, pp. 1-47. 

The active agents used in antiperspirants are aluminium and zirconium salts. These are designed to block the sweat glands, which they do by reacting with water to form a sticky gel of aluminium hydroxide or zirconium hydroxide which plugs the pores, and we know this is how they work because these tiny plugs have been observed by means of transmission electron microscopy. By definition, an antiperspirant in the US must reduce perspiration by at least 20% in half of all users, but this requirement is easily met. 

Metal salts may be used in the treatment of wool. Flame methods for the determination of aluminium [185], barium, chromium, copper, mercury, strontium, tin, zinc [186] and zirconium [187] in wool have been published. Standard additions to wool cleaned by soaking and washing it with disodium EDTA (800 ml of 0.5 M for 30g wool with soaking for 3 days and double washing) was used as the calibration technique. This compensated for interferences from hydrochloric acid and amino-acids. The samples were equilibrated to a constant humidity for 24 h and then 0.3 g sealed with 5 ml of constant boiling point hydrochloric acid in a glass tube. The tubes were placed in an oven at 110UC for 20 h. The nitrous oxide/acetylene flame was used for the determination of aluminium and zirconium. Sulphate, phosphate, citrate and silicate have been found to interfere in the determination of titanium and zirconium in fire-proofed wool [188], These flame... 

Materials with inorganic or porous hydrophobic or (less frequently) hydrophilic organic polymer matrices and graphitized carbon are stable over a broad pH range from 0 to 12-14 hence, they are useful for separations of basic compounds. RP phases on aluminium and zirconium oxide supports exhibit hardness and mass transfer properties comparable to silica, and can be prepared by forming a cross-linked polystyrene, polybutadiene, or alkylated polymethylsiloxane layer on the support surface to which alkyls are attached. The inorganic surface, encapsulated by a nonpolar stationary phase, does not come into contact with the mobile phase or with the analyte, so these materials can be used in the pH range 1-14. 

The investigated result of oxidation behavior in still air at 800 °C of BTl-0 based titanium alloys containing silicon, aluminium and zirconium shown that at oxidation the process of the scale formation and process of the gas saturation take place together. The parabolic law describes the common oxidation rate without dependence from duration exposure. The main influence on heat resistance makes silicon with content to 2 wt. %. This effect is connected with breaking the diffusion process in metal and scale. 

There are various metals that can produce granulomas (Jones Williams 1971) (mercury, chrome, zirconium, cobalt, aluminium and beryllium). The most frequent granulomas occurring with this type of work are those produced by cobalt and beryllium however, it is necessary to keep in mind that aluminium and zirconium contained in deoderants can also produce this clinical picture. 

These terms are evidently ambiguous for example, it is not always clear whether wet is confined to aqueous solutions—the wetting of solids by mercury indicates that liquid-metal corrosion should be classified as wet . Even if the term is restricted to aqueous solutions, the difficulty arises that the mechanism of growth of magnetite scale during the reaction of the interior of a boiler drum with dilute caustic soda at high temperatures and pressures is best interpreted in terms of a dry corrosion process. Similar considerations apply to the reactions of aluminium and zirconium with high-temperature water. 

In these reaction systems, the distribution of the inorganic substances is really parallel to that of water in the wood specimens. However, metal alkoxides with titanium, aluminium, and zirconium are gelled as in type II or III, filled or surrounded with Is only in the... 

Organometals Containing Zinc, Magnesium. Aluminium and Zirconium. In Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions Diederich, F., Stang, P. J., Eds. Wiley-VCH Weinheim, Germany, 1998, 1. 

Coupling Reactions.—Acetylenes react with organoalanes, e.g. MesAl, and zirconocene dichloride to form the alkenyl metal complexes (38) in high yield. The exact structure of these complexes is not known but both aluminium and zirconium are essential. The stereoselectivity of the reaction is shown to be 98% c/s-addition, and once formed the complexes (38) undergo a variety of useful... 

Aluminium and zirconium compounds used in the antiperspirants also have limited levels. The safety of using antiperspirants containing some aluminium or zirconium salts has been called into question and related to skin granulomas (European Commission, SCCNFP, 1998) and also to other unconfirmed side-effects. 

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